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Chemical Properties of Thorium and Niobium

Thorium
Niobium
Chemical Properties of Niobium and Thorium


Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Th   
Nb   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
28   
11
17   
22
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30   
32
1.60   
23
Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.11   
29
1.23   
25
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.40   
31
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
587.00 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,110.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
1,978.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
2,780.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+
5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36
6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11
7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.16 g/amp-hr   
24
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
3.41 eV   
32
4.30 eV   
18
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
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