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Copernicium vs Americium

Copernicium
Americium
Americium vs Copernicium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Cn  
Am  
Group Number
12  
6
10  
8
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
d block  
f block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Actinide  
CAS Number
54084263  
7
7440359  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
187.00  
8
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Copernicium was first synthesized in 1996 by a German research team.  
  • Americium metal is produced by bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons.
  • Americium metal was discovered as a by-product while testing an atomic bomb (Manhattan Project).
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Obtained By Bombarding Plutonium with Neutrons  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Leon O. Morgan, Albert Ghiorso  
Discovery
In 1996  
In 1944  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
39
0.00 %  
35
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
30
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Americium metal is used in smoke detection alarms.
  • In the future, this metal has a potential to be used in batteries of spacecrafts.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-  
994.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,607.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
-  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
240.00 MPa  
99+
260.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
3,570.00 MPa  
2
600.00 MPa  
28
Speed of Sound
3,570.00 m/s  
30
2,750.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
45.00 %  
32
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Cn  
Am  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
1  
34
16  
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.90  
12
1.30  
33
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.30  
25
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.90  
1
1.20  
28
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
1.30  
40
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.70  
22
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
1,154.90 kJ/mol  
2
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
2,170.00 kJ/mol  
9
1,158.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
4,245.40 kJ/mol  
9
2,132.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,499.70 kJ/mol  
23
3,493.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,030.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,850.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
26
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
11
13th Energy Level
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
62,400.00 kJ/mol  
39
16th Energy Level
35,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
57,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
16
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
3,570.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,157.60 kJ/mol  
14
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
22
22nd Energy Level
357.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5,780.00 kJ/mol  
23
24th Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
2
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
1,157.00 kJ/mol  
3
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
357.60 kJ/mol  
99+
578.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
3.02 g/amp-hr  
20
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
112  
6
95  
23
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2  
[Rn] 5f7 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
DHCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Americium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
112  
6
95  
23
Number of Neutrons
285  
1
148  
13
Number of Electrons
112  
6
95  
23
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
147.00 pm  
36
173.00 pm  
23
Covalent Radius
122.00 pm  
99+
180.00 pm  
23
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
244.00 pm  
14
Atomic Weight
285.00 amu  
5
243.00 amu  
20
Atomic Volume
17.80 cm3/mol  
99+
17.86 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Roentgenium
  
Plutonium
  
Next Element
Nihonium
  
Curium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
44.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
346.81 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
36
1.58  
34
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
23.70 g/cm3  
7
12.00 g/cm3  
32
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
23.70 g/cm3  
8
13.67 g/cm3  
26
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
13
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
31.00 GPa  
25
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
35.00 GPa  
99+
44.00 GPa  
32
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
58.00 GPa  
36
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
23.70  
9
13.67  
26
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
16
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
4.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.69 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
-  
63.90 kJ/mol  
18
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.11 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
13.10 J/mol·K  
99+
62.70 J/mol·K  
1
Thermal Conductivity
13.00 W/m·K  
99+
10.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,449.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.80 µm/(m·K)  
31
13.60 µm/(m·K)  
32
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
357.20 kJ/mol  
31
161.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
14.39 kJ/mol  
27
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
268.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
55.00 J/mol.K  
34
63.10 J/mol.K  
23
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