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Copernicium
Copernicium

Thallium
Thallium



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Copernicium
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Copernicium vs Thallium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Cn
Tl
1.2 Group Number
1213
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
p block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Post-​Transition
1.6 CAS Number
540842637440280
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
NA194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Compounds of Thallium metal are highly Toxic.
  • Thallium metal is being suspected as a human carcinogen.
2.2 Sources
Synthetically Produced
Found As a By-product, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
William Crookes
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1996
In 1861
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA5 * 10-9 %
Palladium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Copernicium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Thallium is a toxic metal and hence it has limited uses. Thallium metal is mostly used for producing photoelectric cells.
  • In thermometer’s mercury alloy has 8% of thallium, as it has a melting point lower than 20°C.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
3.1.3 Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Unknown
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
NA303.50 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
NA1,457.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Unknown Luster
NA
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA1.20
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA26.50 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NANA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA818.00 m/s
Palladium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Cn
Tl
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
132
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA1.62
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA2.25
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.44
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NA1.96
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.79
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.38
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
1,154.90 kJ/mol589.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
2,170.00 kJ/mol1,971.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
4,245.40 kJ/mol2,878.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
5,499.70 kJ/molNA
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA7.63 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NA3.84 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
11281
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
11281
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
NA123
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
11281
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
147.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
122.00 pm145.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
NA196.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
285.00 amu204.38 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA17.20 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
NA9.60 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA345.66 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.60
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
23.70 g/cm311.85 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA11.22 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA16.90 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA2.80 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA43.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA8.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.45
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Sectile
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA11.85
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Diamagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
NA0.18 nΩ·m
Palladium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.06 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA19.20 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
NA0.13 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.32 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA46.10 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA29.90 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA162.10 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA4.27 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA179.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA64.20 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1