Darmstadtium

Gadolinium

Darmstadtium vs Gadolinium

Darmstadtium

Gadolinium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

100

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.5 Block

d block

f block

1.6 Element Family

Probably Transition

Lanthanide

1.7 CAS Number

540837717440542

7429905 54386242

1.11 Space Group Name

Not Available

P63/mmc

1.12 Space Group Number

NA194.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Not Available

Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.

2.2 Sources

Synthetically Produced

Found in Minerals, Mining

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1994

In 1880

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

3.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000002 %

1E-08 0.1

3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

3.4.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

3.4.8 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

3.4.10 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

4 Uses

4.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.

Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

4.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry

4.1.2 Medical Uses

4.1.3 Other Uses

Research Purposes

Alloys

4.2 Biological Properties

4.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Non Toxic

4.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

4.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

5.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

6 Physical

6.1 Melting Point

NA1,311.00 °C

27 3410

7.2 Boiling Point

NA3,233.00 °C

147 5660

7.6 Appearance

7.6.1 Physical State

Solid

7.6.2 Color

Unknown

Silvery White

7.6.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

7.7 Hardness

7.7.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

7.7.4 Brinell Hardness

NANA

0.14 3490

7.9.2 Vickers Hardness

NA510.00 MPa

121 3430

7.10 Speed of Sound

5,090.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s

818 16200

8.3 Optical Properties

8.3.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

8.4.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

8.5 Allotropes

✔ ✘

8.5.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

8.5.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

8.5.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

9 Chemical

9.1 Chemical Formula

9.2 Isotopes

9.2.1 Known Isotopes

926

0 38

9.3 Electronegativity

9.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NA1.20

0.7 2.54

9.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

9.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.11

0.86 1.82

9.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

9.5.2 Allen Electronegativity

NANA

0.659 2.7

9.6 Electropositivity

9.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NA2.80

1.46 3.3

9.7 Ionization Energies

9.7.1 1st Energy Level

955.20 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

9.7.3 2nd Energy Level

1,891.10 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

9.7.5 3rd Energy Level

3,029.60 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

9.7.7 4th Energy Level

3,955.90 kJ/mol4,250.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

9.7.9 5th Energy Level

5,113.70 kJ/molNA

4305.2 97510

9.7.11 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

9.7.13 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

9.7.15 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

9.7.17 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

9.7.19 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

9.7.21 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

9.7.23 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

9.7.25 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

9.7.27 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

9.7.29 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

9.7.31 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

9.7.33 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

9.7.36 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

9.7.38 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

9.7.40 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

9.7.42 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

9.7.44 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

9.7.46 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

9.7.48 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

9.7.50 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

9.7.52 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

9.7.54 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

9.7.55 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

9.8.1 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

9.8.2 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

9.9 Electrochemical Equivalent

NA1.96 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

9.11 Electron Work Function

NA3.10 eV

2.14 5.65

10.2 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

11 Atomic

11.1 Atomic Number

11064

3 117

11.5 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 6d⁸ 7s²

[Xe] 4f⁷ 5d¹ 6s²

11.6 Crystal Structure

Body Centered Cubic (BCC)

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

11.6.1 Crystal Lattice

11.7 Atom

11.7.1 Number of Protons

11064

3 117

11.7.2 Number of Neutrons

16193

4 184

11.7.4 Number of Electrons

11064

3 117

11.8 Radius of an Atom

11.8.1 Atomic Radius

132.00 pm180.00 pm

112 265

11.9.2 Covalent Radius

128.00 pm196.00 pm

96 260

11.9.4 Van der Waals Radius

NA237.00 pm

139 348

11.10 Atomic Weight

281.00 amu47.87 amu

6.94 294

11.11 Atomic Volume

NA19.90 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

11.13 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

11.13.1 Previous Element

11.13.2 Next Element

11.14 Valence Electron Potential

NA46.10 (-eV)

8 392.42

11.16 Lattice Constant

NA363.60 pm

228.58 891.25

11.19 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, 2 π/3

11.20 Lattice C/A Ratio

NA1.59

1.567 1.886

12 Mechanical

12.1 Density

12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA7.90 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

12.3.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA7.40 g/cm3

0.512 20

13.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

13.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

13.5 Vapor Pressure

13.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NA0.00 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

13.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NA7.39 (Pa)

2.62E-10 774

13.8 Elasticity properties

13.8.1 Shear Modulus

NA21.80 GPa

1.3 222

13.8.3 Bulk Modulus

NA37.90 GPa

1.6 462

13.9.2 Young's Modulus

NA54.80 GPa

1.7 528

13.10 Poisson Ratio

NA0.26

0.032 0.47

13.11 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

14 Magnetic

14.1 Magnetic Characteristics

14.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA7.90

0.53 4500

14.2.1 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Ferromagnetic

14.2.2 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

15.1.2 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

15.2 Electrical Properties

15.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

15.2.2 Resistivity

NA1.31 nΩ·m

0.18 961

15.3.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.01 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

15.3.6 Electron Affinity

NA50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

17 Thermal

17.1 Specific Heat

NA0.23 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

17.4 Molar Heat Capacity

NA37.03 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

17.7 Thermal Conductivity

NA10.60 W/m·K

6.3 429

17.8 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

17.10 Thermal Expansion

NA9.40 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

17.11 Enthalpy

17.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA359.40 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

17.11.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA10.05 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

17.11.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA352.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

17.12 Standard Molar Entropy

NA68.10 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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