1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Probably Post-Transition
1.6 CAS Number
744054254100719
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
Not Available
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Synthetically Produced
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000002 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
1.1.1 Abundance In Oceans
1.1.2 Abundance In Humans
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
- Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
2.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
2.1.2 Medical Uses
2.1.3 Other Uses
2.2 Biological Properties
2.2.1 Toxicity
2.2.2 Present in Human Body
2.2.3 In Blood
2.3.1 In Bone
3 Physical
3.1 Melting Point
3.2 Boiling Point
3.5 Appearance
3.5.1 Physical State
3.5.2 Color
3.5.3 Luster
3.6 Hardness
3.6.1 Mohs Hardness
3.6.2 Brinell Hardness
3.6.3 Vickers Hardness
3.7 Speed of Sound
3.8 Optical Properties
3.8.1 Refractive Index
3.8.2 Reflectivity
3.9 Allotropes
3.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
4.3 Electronegativity
4.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
4.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
4.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
4.4.4 Allen Electronegativity
4.6 Electropositivity
4.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
4.7 Ionization Energies
4.7.1 1st Energy Level
593.40 kJ/mol723.60 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
4.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,170.00 kJ/mol1,331.50 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
4.8.4 3rd Energy Level
1,990.00 kJ/mol2,846.30 kJ/mol
1600
34230
4.8.5 4th Energy Level
4,250.00 kJ/mol3,811.20 kJ/mol
2780
37066
4.8.6 5th Energy Level
NA6,078.60 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
4.8.7 6th Energy Level
4.8.8 7th Energy level
4.8.9 8th Energy Level
4.8.10 9th Energy Level
4.8.11 10th Energy Level
4.8.12 11th Energy Level
4.8.13 12th Energy Level
4.8.14 13th Energy Level
4.8.15 14th Energy Level
4.8.16 15th Energy Level
4.8.17 16th Energy Level
4.8.18 17th Energy Level
4.8.19 18th Energy Level
4.8.20 19th Energy Level
4.8.21 20th Energy Level
4.8.22 21st Energy Level
4.8.23 22nd Energy Level
4.8.24 23rd Energy Level
4.8.25 24th Energy Level
4.8.26 25th Energy Level
4.8.27 26th Energy Level
4.8.28 27th Energy Level
4.8.29 28th Energy Level
4.8.30 29th Energy Level
4.8.31 30th Energy Level
4.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.96 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
4.10 Electron Work Function
4.11 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Ionization
5 Atomic
5.1 Atomic Number
5.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4
5.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Not Known
5.3.1 Crystal Lattice
5.4 Atom
5.4.1 Number of Protons
5.4.2 Number of Neutrons
5.4.3 Number of Electrons
5.5 Radius of an Atom
5.5.1 Atomic Radius
5.5.2 Covalent Radius
5.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
5.6 Atomic Weight
47.87 amu293.00 amu
6.94
294
5.7 Atomic Volume
19.90 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
5.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
5.8.1 Previous Element
5.8.2 Next Element
5.9 Valence Electron Potential
5.10 Lattice Constant
363.60 pmNA
228.58
891.25
5.11 Lattice Angles
5.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
6 Mechanical
6.1 Density
6.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.2 Tensile Strength
6.3 Viscosity
6.4 Vapor Pressure
6.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
6.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
6.5 Elasticity properties
6.5.1 Shear Modulus
6.5.2 Bulk Modulus
6.5.3 Young's Modulus
6.6 Poisson Ratio
6.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
7 Magnetic
7.1 Magnetic Characteristics
7.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic
Paramagnetic
7.1.3 Permeability
7.1.4 Susceptibility
7.2 Electrical Properties
7.2.1 Electrical Property
7.2.2 Resistivity
7.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
7.2.4 Electron Affinity
8 Thermal
8.1 Specific Heat
8.2 Molar Heat Capacity
37.03 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
8.3 Thermal Conductivity
8.4 Critical Temperature
8.5 Thermal Expansion
8.6 Enthalpy
8.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
359.40 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
8.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
8.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
8.7 Standard Molar Entropy
68.10 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1