1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.5 Period Number
2.5 Block
2.6 Element Family
Probably Transition
Lanthanide
2.7 CAS Number
540837717440542
7429905
54386242
2.8 Space Group Name
2.9 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
3.2 Sources
Synthetically Produced
Found in Minerals, Mining
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
3.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.2.4 Abundance In Oceans
4.2.6 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Darmstadtium metal are limited to research purpose only. As only few atoms of this metal are produced.
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.3.1 In Bone
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
2.4 Boiling Point
2.9 Appearance
2.9.1 Physical State
2.9.2 Color
2.9.3 Luster
2.10 Hardness
2.10.1 Mohs Hardness
2.12.1 Brinell Hardness
2.13.1 Vickers Hardness
3.6 Speed of Sound
5,090.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
818
16200
4.3 Optical Properties
4.3.1 Refractive Index
4.4.2 Reflectivity
4.5 Allotropes
4.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.3 Ionization Energies
6.3.1 1st Energy Level
955.20 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.4.4 2nd Energy Level
1,891.10 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
6.5.2 3rd Energy Level
3,029.60 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
6.5.5 4th Energy Level
3,955.90 kJ/mol4,250.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.1.1 5th Energy Level
5,113.70 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
7.1.2 6th Energy Level
7.2.1 7th Energy level
7.2.3 8th Energy Level
7.4.3 9th Energy Level
7.4.4 10th Energy Level
7.4.8 11th Energy Level
7.4.10 12th Energy Level
7.4.13 13th Energy Level
7.5.2 14th Energy Level
7.6.2 15th Energy Level
7.6.5 16th Energy Level
8.2.3 17th Energy Level
8.2.5 18th Energy Level
8.3.3 19th Energy Level
8.3.5 20th Energy Level
8.3.8 21st Energy Level
8.3.9 22nd Energy Level
8.3.12 23rd Energy Level
8.3.14 24th Energy Level
8.3.17 25th Energy Level
8.3.18 26th Energy Level
8.3.21 27th Energy Level
8.3.24 28th Energy Level
8.3.26 29th Energy Level
8.4.3 30th Energy Level
8.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
NA1.96 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.7 Electron Work Function
8.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
9.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.4.1 Crystal Lattice
9.5 Atom
9.5.1 Number of Protons
9.6.2 Number of Neutrons
10.1.2 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
132.00 pm180.00 pm
112
265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
128.00 pm196.00 pm
96
260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
10.6 Atomic Weight
281.00 amu47.87 amu
6.94
294
10.8 Atomic Volume
NA19.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.9.1 Previous Element
10.9.2 Next Element
10.10 Valence Electron Potential
10.12 Lattice Constant
NA363.60 pm
228.58
891.25
10.14 Lattice Angles
10.15 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
11.3.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.5 Tensile Strength
11.8 Viscosity
12.2 Vapor Pressure
12.2.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
12.2.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
12.3 Elasticity properties
12.3.1 Shear Modulus
12.4.2 Bulk Modulus
12.5.1 Young's Modulus
12.7 Poisson Ratio
12.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
13.2.3 Permeability
13.2.5 Susceptibility
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
13.3.2 Resistivity
13.3.6 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.4.1 Electron Affinity
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
15.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA37.03 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.2 Thermal Conductivity
16.7 Critical Temperature
16.8 Thermal Expansion
16.9 Enthalpy
16.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA359.40 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.10.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
17.1.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
17.3 Standard Molar Entropy
NA68.10 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1