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Einsteinium Gadolinium Comparison


Gadolinium Einsteinium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Es   
Gd   

Group Number
Not Available   
0   
18

Period Number
7   
6   

Block
f block   
f block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   

CAS Number
7429927   
99+
7440542   
33

Space Group Name
Not Available   
P63/mmc   

Space Group Number
Not Available   
194.00   
5

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  

Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons   
Found in Minerals, Mining   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory   
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac   

Discovery
In 1952   
In 1880   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000002 %   
25

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
30

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  

Industrial Uses
NA   
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Non Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
No   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   

Physical Properties

Melting Point
860.00 °C   
99+
1,311.00 °C   
35

Boiling Point
996.00 °C   
99+
3,233.00 °C   
25

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silver   
Silvery White   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
510.00 MPa   
22

Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,680.00 m/s   
34

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Es   
Gd   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
16   
23
26   
13

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.54   
26
1.20   
39

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20   
27
1.11   
29

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.70   
22
2.80   
15

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol   
99+
593.40 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,216.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,334.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,734.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol   
30

Electrochemical Equivalent
4.74 g/amp-hr   
5
1.96 g/amp-hr   
32

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
3.10 eV   
35

Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
99   
19
64   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f11 7s2   
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2   

Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   

Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
99   
19
64   
99+

Number of Neutrons
153   
9
93   
37

Number of Electrons
99   
19
64   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
186.00 pm   
9
180.00 pm   
14

Covalent Radius
Not Available   
196.00 pm   
14

Van der Waals Radius
Not Available   
237.00 pm   
15

Atomic Weight
252.00 amu   
16
47.87 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
Not Available   
19.90 cm3/mol   
20

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Europium
  

Next Element
Fermium
  
Terbium
  

Valence Electron Potential
Not Available   
46.10 (-eV)   
34

Lattice Constant
Not Available   
363.60 pm   
32

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.59   
9

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
8.84 g/cm3   
99+
7.90 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available   
7.40 g/cm3   
31

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available   
0.00 (Pa)   
30

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
7.39 (Pa)   
9

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
Not Available   
21.80 GPa   
33

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
37.90 GPa   
34

Young's Modulus
Not Available   
54.80 GPa   
35

Poisson Ratio
Not Available   
0.26   
23

Other Mechanical Properties
NA   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
Not Available   
7.90   
40

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Ferromagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Unknown   
Conductor   

Resistivity
Not Available   
1.31 nΩ·m   
99+

Electrical Conductivity
Not Available   
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
Not Available   
0.23 J/(kg K)   
27

Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available   
37.03 J/mol·K   
2

Thermal Conductivity
Not Available   
10.60 W/m·K   
99+

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
Not Available   
9.40 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available   
359.40 kJ/mol   
21

Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available   
10.05 kJ/mol   
36

Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available   
352.00 kJ/mol   
27

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
68.10 J/mol.K   
16

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