Symbol
Es
  
Gd
  
Group Number
Not Available
  
Period Number
7
  
6
  
Block
f block
  
f block
  
Element Family
Actinide
  
Lanthanide
  
Space Group Name
Not Available
  
P63/mmc
  
Space Group Number
Not Available
  
Interesting Facts
- Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
- Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
- Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons
  
Found in Minerals, Mining
  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
  
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
  
Discovery
In 1952
  
In 1880
  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
  
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
  
~0.0000002 %
  
25
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
  
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
  
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
- Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
- Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  
Industrial Uses
NA
  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
  
Medical Uses
NA
  
NA
  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes
  
Alloys
  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic
  
Non Toxic
  
Present in Human Body
No
  
No
  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
  
37
Not Available
  
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.
  
36
Not Available
  
Melting Point
1,311.00 °C
  
35
Boiling Point
3,233.00 °C
  
25
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid
  
Solid
  
Color
Silver
  
Silvery White
  
Luster
NA
  
Metallic
  
Hardness
  
  
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
  
Speed of Sound
Not Available
  
2,680.00 m/s
  
34
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No
  
No
  
α Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
β Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
γ Allotropes
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Chemical Formula
Es
  
Gd
  
Isotopes
  
  
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
593.40 kJ/mol
  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,216.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,170.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,334.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
1,990.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,734.00 kJ/mol
  
99+
4,250.00 kJ/mol
  
30
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.74 g/amp-hr
  
5
1.96 g/amp-hr
  
32
Electron Work Function
Not Available
  
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
  
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
  
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f11 7s2
  
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100
  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Gadolinium.jpg#100
  
Atom
  
  
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Covalent Radius
Not Available
  
Van der Waals Radius
Not Available
  
Atomic Volume
Not Available
  
19.90 cm3/mol
  
20
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
  
46.10 (-eV)
  
34
Lattice Constant
Not Available
  
Lattice Angles
NA
  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
  
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
  
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.84 g/cm3
  
99+
7.90 g/cm3
  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Not Available
  
Tensile Strength
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Viscosity
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Not Available
  
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
  
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
Not Available
  
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
  
Young's Modulus
Not Available
  
Poisson Ratio
Not Available
  
Other Mechanical Properties
NA
  
Ductile, Malleable
  
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
Not Available
  
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
  
Ferromagnetic
  
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Unknown
  
Conductor
  
Resistivity
Not Available
  
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
  
0.01 10
6/cm Ω
  
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available
  
50.00 kJ/mol
  
21
Specific Heat
Not Available
  
0.23 J/(kg K)
  
27
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
  
37.03 J/mol·K
  
2
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
  
10.60 W/m·K
  
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
  
9.40 µm/(m·K)
  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
  
359.40 kJ/mol
  
21
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
  
10.05 kJ/mol
  
36
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
  
352.00 kJ/mol
  
27
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available
  
68.10 J/mol.K
  
16