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Einsteinium vs Praseodymium

Einsteinium
Praseodymium
Praseodymium vs Einsteinium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Es  
Pr  
Group Number
13  
5
3  
15
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
f block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Lanthanide  
CAS Number
7429927  
99+
7440100  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Einsteinium is the transuranic element found in US.
  • Only 0.01 mg of Einsteinium was synthesized in 1961.
  
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1885  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Einsteinium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Moderately Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
33
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
860.00 °C  
99+
935.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
996.00 °C  
99+
3,130.00 °C  
28
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Grayish White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
4.00  
11
Brinell Hardness
240.00 MPa  
99+
481.00 MPa  
29
Vickers Hardness
550.00 MPa  
31
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,850.00 m/s  
40
2,280.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.64  
30
Reflectivity
63.00 %  
20
60.00 %  
23
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Es  
Pr  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
16  
23
31  
8
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.54  
27
1.13  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.13  
36
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.07  
33
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.13  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.13  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.87  
12
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,216.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,020.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,334.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,086.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,734.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,761.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,551.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,520.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,274.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
12
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
28
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
40
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
61,900.00 kJ/mol  
30
52,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
38
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,190.00 kJ/mol  
15
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
619.00 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
40
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
527.40 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
619.40 kJ/mol  
99+
527.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.74 g/amp-hr  
5
1.75 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
2.70 eV  
99+
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
99  
19
59  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f11 7s2  
[Xe] 4f3 6s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Einsteinium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Praseodymium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
99  
19
59  
99+
Number of Neutrons
153  
10
82  
99+
Number of Electrons
99  
19
59  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
186.00 pm  
11
182.00 pm  
13
Covalent Radius
186.00 pm  
21
203.00 pm  
9
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
239.00 pm  
18
Atomic Weight
252.00 amu  
16
140.91 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
17.04 cm3/mol  
99+
20.80 cm3/mol  
25
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Californium
  
Cerium
  
Next Element
Fermium
  
Neodymium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
42.64 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
582.00 pm  
8
367.25 pm  
32
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.29  
99+
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
6.77 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
8.84 g/cm3  
99+
6.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
55.00 MPa  
37
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
24
13.20 (Pa)  
7
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
14.80 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
40.00 GPa  
38
28.80 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
37.30 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.33  
11
0.28  
16
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.84  
99+
6.77  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
19
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
6.30 nΩ·m  
99+
0.70 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
15
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.19 J/(kg K)  
33
Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
27.20 J/mol·K  
24
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
12.50 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,133.00 K  
99+
1,208.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.50 µm/(m·K)  
33
6.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
323.80 kJ/mol  
99+
296.80 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.80 kJ/mol  
24
6.89 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
368.00 kJ/mol  
33
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K  
24
73.20 J/mol.K  
10
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