Europium Cadmium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Cd
Group Number
Not Available
12
6
Period Number
6
5
Block
f block
d block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440439
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
229.00
1
194.00
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
- Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
- It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
- It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer
Discovery
In 1896
In 1817
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
2 * 10-7 %
22
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~0.0000006 %
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
28
Abundance In Humans
Not Available
0.00 %
11
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
- Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
NA
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
24
In Bone
Not Available
1.80 p.p.m.
15
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
320.90 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
765.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery Bluish-Gray
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
2.00
16
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
203.00 MPa
39
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,310.00 m/s
39
Optical Properties
Reflectivity
Not Available
67.00 %
11
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Cd
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
34
5
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
1.69
17
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
1.98
9
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.46
15
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
1.53
13
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.52
27
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.31
37
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
867.80 kJ/mol
11
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,631.40 kJ/mol
32
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
3,616.00 kJ/mol
13
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
2.10 g/amp-hr
27
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
4.22 eV
22
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
48
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Kr] 4d10 5s2
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
48
99+
Number of Neutrons
89
38
64
99+
Number of Electrons
63
99+
48
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
151.00 pm
32
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
144.00 pm
40
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
158.00 pm
99+
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
112.41 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
13.10 cm3/mol
39
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
30.00 (-eV)
99+
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
297.94 pm
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
1.89
1
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
8.65 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
8.00 g/cm3
28
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
62.00 MPa
16
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
Not Available
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
19.00 GPa
35
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
42.00 GPa
29
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
50.00 GPa
36
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.30
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
8.65
36
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
72.70 nΩ·m
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω
15
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
0.00 kJ/mol
40
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.23 J/(kg K)
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
26.02 J/mol·K
32
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
96.60 W/m·K
16
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
30.80 µm/(m·K)
10
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
100.00 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
6.19 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
113.00 kJ/mol
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
51.80 J/mol.K
27
|
||
|
||
|
