Europium Gallium Comparison
Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu
Ga
Group Number
Not Available
13
5
Period Number
6
4
Block
f block
p block
Element Family
Lanthanide
Post-Transition
CAS Number
7440531
34
7440553
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Cmca
Space Group Number
229.00
1
64.00
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available
- A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
- Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Discovery
In 1896
In 1875
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %
27
1 * 10-6 %
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %
27
~0.000004 %
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %
36
0.00 %
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %
99+
0.00 %
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
- It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
- Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
Yes
Yes
In Blood
Not Available
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C
99+
29.78 °C
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C
99+
2,403.00 °C
99+
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
1.50
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
56.80 MPa
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa
34
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
2,740.00 m/s
31
Optical Properties
Allotropes
No
No
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu
Ga
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
31
8
24
15
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20
39
1.81
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01
22
2.42
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
1.82
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available
2.01
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available
1.76
14
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
2.19
39
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol
99+
578.80 kJ/mol
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol
13
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol
28
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol
33
6,180.00 kJ/mol
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr
33
0.87 g/amp-hr
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV
99+
4.20 eV
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63
99+
31
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Orthorhombic (ORTH)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
63
99+
31
99+
Number of Neutrons
89
38
39
99+
Number of Electrons
63
99+
31
99+
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm
14
135.00 pm
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm
13
122.00 pm
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm
18
187.00 pm
32
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu
99+
69.72 amu
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol
8
11.80 cm3/mol
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)
35
69.70 (-eV)
19
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm
17
451.97 pm
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Mechanical Properties
Density
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3
99+
5.91 g/cm3
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3
99+
6.10 g/cm3
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa
15
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)
4
0.00 (Pa)
15
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa
99+
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa
99+
Not Available
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa
99+
9.80 GPa
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15
34
0.47
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
5.24
99+
5.91
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Diamagnetic
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m
99+
270.00 nΩ·m
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol
21
28.90 kJ/mol
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)
33
0.37 J/(kg K)
16
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K
16
25.86 J/mol·K
35
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K
99+
40.60 W/m·K
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)
8
18.00 µm/(m·K)
24
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol
99+
256.10 kJ/mol
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol
37
5.59 kJ/mol
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol
99+
276.10 kJ/mol
39
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K
4
40.80 J/mol.K
38
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