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Europium Gallium Comparison

Europium
Gallium
Gallium Europium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Ga   
Group Number
Not Available   
13   
5
Period Number
6   
4   
Block
f block   
p block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Post-​Transition   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7440553   
32
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Cmca   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
64.00   
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • A gram of Gallium metal can be bought for only three dollars.
  • Gallium metal found in ores of following things Coal, Bauxite, Diaspore, Sphalerite, Germanite and Zinc.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
Lecoq de Boisbaudran   
Discovery
In 1896   
In 1875   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
1 * 10-6 %   
16
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~0.000004 %   
16
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
16
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
24
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
22
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Gallium arsenide is a very important component of many semiconductors and led manufacturing.
  • Gallium nitride is also know as a semiconductor and it is used in Blu-ray technology, mobile smartphones and LED.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
Surgical Instruments Manufacturing   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
Non Toxic   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
Yes   
In Blood
Not Available   
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3   
13
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
29.78 °C   
99+
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
2,403.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
1.50   
18
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
56.80 MPa   
99+
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
Not Available   
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
2,740.00 m/s   
31
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Ga   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
24   
15
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
1.81   
15
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
2.42   
2
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.82   
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Not Available   
2.01   
5
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.76   
14
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
2.19   
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
578.80 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,979.30 kJ/mol   
13
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,963.00 kJ/mol   
28
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
6,180.00 kJ/mol   
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
0.87 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
4.20 eV   
23
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
31   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Orthorhombic (ORTH)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Gallium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
31   
99+
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
39   
99+
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
31   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
135.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
122.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
187.00 pm   
32
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
69.72 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
11.80 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Zinc
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Rubidium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
69.70 (-eV)   
19
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
451.97 pm   
18
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
5.91 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
6.10 g/cm3   
99+
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
0.00 (Pa)   
15
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
Not Available   
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
9.80 GPa   
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.47   
1
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
NA   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
5.91   
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Diamagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Semiconductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
270.00 nΩ·m   
15
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
29
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
28.90 kJ/mol   
31
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.37 J/(kg K)   
16
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
25.86 J/mol·K   
35
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
40.60 W/m·K   
34
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
18.00 µm/(m·K)   
24
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
256.10 kJ/mol   
36
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
5.59 kJ/mol   
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
276.10 kJ/mol   
39
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
40.80 J/mol.K   
38
Summary >>
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