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Europium
Europium

Rutherfordium
Rutherfordium



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Europium
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Rutherfordium

Europium Rutherfordium Comparison

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Eu
Rf
1.2 Group Number
NA4
Gadolinium Metal
0 17
1.8 Period Number
67
Lithium Metal
2 7
1.15 Block
f block
d block
1.16 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.17 CAS Number
744053153850365
Aluminium Metal
7429905 54386242
1.23 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
1.24 Space Group Number
229.00NA
Plutonium Metal
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Rutherfordium does not occur in nature as it is a synthetic element.
  • Till date Rutherfordium metal has 15 radioisotopes created synthetically.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Plutonium with Accelerated 113 to 115 MeV Neon Ions, Synthetically Produced
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
3.4.3 Discovery
In 1896
In 1964
3.6 Abundance
3.6.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium Metal
5E-09 0.11
1.3.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~-9999 %
Beryllium Metal
1E-08 0.1
2.2.1 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold Metal
1.7E-07 22
3.1.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium Metal
9.9E-12 8.1
5.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium Metal
2E-23 1.1
5.7.1 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium Metal
1E-13 1.4
7 Uses
7.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  • Currently known uses of Rutherfordium metal are limited to research purpose only.
7.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
7.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
7.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys, Research Purposes
7.2 Biological Properties
7.3.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Unknown
7.3.2 Present in Human Body
7.3.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium Metal
0 1970
8.2.2 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium Metal
0 170000
9 Physical
9.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C2,100.00 °C
Francium Metal
27 3410
10.2 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C5,500.00 °C
Flerovium Metal
147 5660
10.5 Appearance
10.5.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
10.5.3 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
10.5.4 Luster
Lustrous
Unknown Luster
10.6 Hardness
10.6.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.2 8.5
10.7.6 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.14 3490
11.3.1 Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPaNA
Palladium Metal
121 3430
14.2 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium Metal
818 16200
15.4 Optical Properties
15.4.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury Metal
1.000933 1.7229
15.9.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
58 97
15.14 Allotropes
15.15.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.15.4 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
15.15.5 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
16 Chemical
16.1 Chemical Formula
Eu
Rf
16.2 Isotopes
16.2.1 Known Isotopes
3113
Tennessine Metal
0 38
17.2 Electronegativity
17.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.20NA
Francium Metal
0.7 2.54
17.7.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01NA
Cesium Metal
0.22 2.56
19.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.86 1.82
19.4.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.62 2.48
20.2.1 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium Metal
0.659 2.7
20.8 Electropositivity
20.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NANA
Gold Metal
1.46 3.3
20.11 Ionization Energies
20.11.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol579.90 kJ/mol
Cesium Metal
375.7 26130
20.16.1 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol1,389.40 kJ/mol
Ruthenium Metal
710.2162 28750
20.17.1 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol2,296.40 kJ/mol
Osmium Metal
1600 34230
20.20.2 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,077.90 kJ/mol
Thorium Metal
2780 37066
20.21.2 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium Metal
4305.2 97510
20.22.1 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium Metal
5715.8 105800
21.1.2 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium Metal
7226.8 114300
21.2.4 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium Metal
8857.4 125300
21.2.5 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
14110 134700
21.3.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium Metal
17100 144300
22.1.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium Metal
19900 169988
22.2.4 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
22219 189368
22.2.7 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
26930 76015
22.3.3 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
29196 86450
23.1.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese Metal
41987 97510
23.2.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron Metal
47206 109480
23.3.1 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt Metal
52737 122200
23.4.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel Metal
58570 134810
24.1.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper Metal
64702 148700
24.2.1 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
80400 171200
24.3.1 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
87000 179100
24.4.2 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
93400 184900
24.5.1 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
98420 198800
24.5.3 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
104400 195200
24.6.1 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
121900 121900
24.6.3 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
127700 127700
24.7.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
133800 133800
24.8.1 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
139800 139800
24.8.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
148100 148100
24.9.2 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum Metal
154500 154500
24.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hrNA
Beryllium Metal
0.16812 8.3209
24.11 Electron Work Function
2.50 eVNA
Cesium Metal
2.14 5.65
24.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
25 Atomic
25.1 Atomic Number
63104
Lithium Metal
3 117
25.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2
25.4 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
25.4.1 Crystal Lattice
25.5 Atom
25.5.1 Number of Protons
63104
Lithium Metal
3 117
25.5.2 Number of Neutrons
89157
Lithium Metal
4 184
25.5.3 Number of Electrons
63104
Lithium Metal
3 117
1.2 Radius of an Atom
1.2.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm150.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
112 265
1.2.4 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm157.00 pm
Beryllium Metal
96 260
1.2.3 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pmNA
Zinc Metal
139 348
1.6 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu267.00 amu
Lithium Metal
6.94 294
1.7 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/molNA
Manganese Metal
1.39 71.07
1.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
1.8.1 Previous Element
1.8.2 Next Element
1.9 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)NA
Francium Metal
8 392.42
1.11 Lattice Constant
458.10 pmNA
Beryllium Metal
228.58 891.25
1.12 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
NA
1.13 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium Metal
1.567 1.886
2 Mechanical
2.1 Density
2.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm323.20 g/cm3
Lithium Metal
0.534 40.7
2.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3NA
Lithium Metal
0.512 20
2.3 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPaNA
Indium Metal
2.5 11000
2.5 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury Metal
0.001526 0.001526
2.6 Vapor Pressure
2.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)NA
Cerium Metal
2.47E-11 121
2.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten Metal
2.62E-10 774
2.9 Elasticity properties
2.9.1 Shear Modulus
7.90 GPaNA
Potassium Metal
1.3 222
2.10.1 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.6 462
2.12.1 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPaNA
Cesium Metal
1.7 528
2.13 Poisson Ratio
0.15NA
Beryllium Metal
0.032 0.47
2.14 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Unknown
3 Magnetic
3.1 Magnetic Characteristics
3.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.24NA
Lithium Metal
0.53 4500
3.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Unknown
3.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth Metal
1.25643E-06 0.0063
3.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth Metal
-0.000166 200000
3.2 Electrical Properties
3.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Unknown
3.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·mNA
Thallium Metal
0.18 961
3.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium Metal
0.00666 0.63
3.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
0 222.8
2 Thermal
2.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)NA
Americium Metal
0.11 3.6
1.3 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium Metal
16.443 62.7
1.8 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·KNA
Neptunium Metal
6.3 429
1.11 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium Metal
26.3 3223
1.12 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten Metal
4.5 97
2.5 Enthalpy
2.5.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/molNA
Zinc Metal
7.32 799.1
2.5.4 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/molNA
Cesium Metal
2.1 35.23
2.6.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury Metal
61.5 837
3.3 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium Metal
9.5 198.1