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Europium
Europium

Promethium
Promethium



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Europium
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Europium vs Promethium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Eu
Pm
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
66
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74405317440122
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
229.00NA
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1896
In 1942
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NANA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C1,042.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C3,000.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
Lustrous
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NANA
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Eu
Pm
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3127
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.20NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
NA1.07
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NANA
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.50 eVNA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
6361
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
6361
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8984
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
6361
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm183.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm199.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm236.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu145.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
458.10 pmNA
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Unknown
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa18.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa33.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa46.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.150.28
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
5.247.26
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol7.50 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1