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Europium vs Rhodium

Europium
Rhodium
Rhodium vs Europium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Eu   
Rh   
Group Number
Not Available   
9   
9
Period Number
6   
5   
Block
f block   
d block   
Element Family
Lanthanide   
Transition Metal   
CAS Number
7440531   
34
7440166   
99+
Space Group Name
Im_ 3m   
Fm_ 3m   
Space Group Number
229.00   
1
225.00   
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Not Available   
  • Rhodium is the rarest element out of all non-radioactive metals on the earth .
  • Rhodium is one of the most durable and hard metal, which also have high reflectance.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
Earth's crust, Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay   
William Hyde Wollaston   
Discovery
In 1896   
In 1804   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %   
27
6 * 10-8 %   
26
Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %   
27
~0.0000002 %   
25
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %   
99+
0.00 %   
36
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %   
36
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %   
99+
Not Available   
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
  • It is used in low energy light bulbs.
  
  • Rhodium metal is mainly used in catalytic converters for cars as it reduces nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases.
  • It is used as an industrial catalyst for nitric acid, acetic acid, hydrogenation reaction, etc.
  
Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Non Toxic   
NA   
Present in Human Body
Yes   
No   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
822.00 °C   
99+
1,966.00 °C   
12
Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C   
99+
3,727.00 °C   
17
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
Lustrous   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
980.00 MPa   
9
Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa   
34
1,100.00 MPa   
9
Speed of Sound
Not Available   
4,700.00 m/s   
15
Optical Properties
  
  
Reflectivity
Not Available   
84.00 %   
4
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Eu   
Rh   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
31   
8
16   
23
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.20   
39
2.28   
3
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.01   
22
Not Available   
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.45   
16
Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.56   
24
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available   
1.72   
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol   
99+
719.70 kJ/mol   
29
2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,740.00 kJ/mol   
26
3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,997.00 kJ/mol   
27
4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol   
33
Not Available   
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr   
33
1.28 g/amp-hr   
99+
Electron Work Function
2.50 eV   
99+
4.98 eV   
6
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
63   
99+
45   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2   
[Kr] 4d8 5s1   
Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)   
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Rhodium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
63   
99+
45   
99+
Number of Neutrons
89   
38
58   
99+
Number of Electrons
63   
99+
45   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm   
14
134.00 pm   
99+
Covalent Radius
198.00 pm   
13
142.00 pm   
99+
Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm   
18
200.00 pm   
28
Atomic Weight
151.96 amu   
99+
102.91 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol   
8
8.30 cm3/mol   
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Samarium
  
Ruthenium
  
Next Element
Gadolinium
  
Palladium
  
Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)   
35
64.00 (-eV)   
22
Lattice Constant
458.10 pm   
17
380.34 pm   
27
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2   
π/2, π/2, π/2   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm3   
99+
12.41 g/cm3   
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm3   
99+
10.70 g/cm3   
14
Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa   
15
951.00 MPa   
5
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)   
4
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available   
0.02 (Pa)   
19
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
7.90 GPa   
99+
150.00 GPa   
6
Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa   
99+
275.00 GPa   
5
Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa   
99+
380.00 GPa   
5
Poisson Ratio
0.15   
34
0.26   
22
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile   
Malleable   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
5.24   
99+
12.41   
20
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m   
99+
43.30 nΩ·m   
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.21 106/cm Ω   
8
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
109.70 kJ/mol   
7
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)   
33
0.24 J/(kg K)   
22
Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K   
16
24.98 J/mol·K   
99+
Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K   
99+
150.00 W/m·K   
9
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)   
8
8.20 µm/(m·K)   
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol   
99+
495.40 kJ/mol   
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol   
37
21.76 kJ/mol   
10
Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol   
99+
556.50 kJ/mol   
12
Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K   
4
31.50 J/mol.K   
99+
Periodic Table >>
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