1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
1.9 CAS Number
74405317440644
7429905
54386242
1.11 Space Group Name
1.12 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
Not Available
- Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
- Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
3.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Eugène-Anatole Demarçay
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
5 * 10-8 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~0.00000005 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
3.4.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.7.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Europium metals main uses is in the printing of euro banknotes. These notes glow red under UV light.
-
It is used in low energy light bulbs.
- Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
-
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
1.2.1 In Bone
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
822.00 °C824.00 °C
27
3410
2.2 Boiling Point
1,597.00 °C1,196.00 °C
147
5660
2.4 Appearance
2.4.1 Physical State
2.4.2 Color
Silvery White
Silvery White
2.4.3 Luster
2.5 Hardness
2.5.1 Mohs Hardness
2.9.1 Brinell Hardness
2.3.1 Vickers Hardness
167.00 MPa206.00 MPa
121
3430
2.4 Speed of Sound
2.7 Optical Properties
2.7.1 Refractive Index
3.4.2 Reflectivity
3.5 Allotropes
3.5.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.5.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.5.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
4.4 Electronegativity
4.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
4.6.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.4.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.5.1 Allen Electronegativity
6.5 Electropositivity
6.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
6.7 Ionization Energies
6.7.1 1st Energy Level
547.10 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
6.7.2 2nd Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
7.3.2 3rd Energy Level
2,404.00 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
7.3.4 4th Energy Level
4,120.00 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
7.3.6 5th Energy Level
7.3.10 6th Energy Level
7.3.11 7th Energy level
8.2.1 8th Energy Level
8.2.3 9th Energy Level
8.2.4 10th Energy Level
8.3.2 11th Energy Level
9.3.4 12th Energy Level
9.3.6 13th Energy Level
10.1.1 14th Energy Level
10.1.2 15th Energy Level
10.2.1 16th Energy Level
10.2.3 17th Energy Level
10.4.2 18th Energy Level
10.5.1 19th Energy Level
10.5.3 20th Energy Level
10.5.4 21st Energy Level
10.6.2 22nd Energy Level
10.6.5 23rd Energy Level
10.6.6 24th Energy Level
11.3.1 25th Energy Level
11.3.2 26th Energy Level
11.3.3 27th Energy Level
11.4.2 28th Energy Level
11.5.3 29th Energy Level
11.5.4 30th Energy Level
12.3 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.89 g/amp-hr2.15 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
12.5 Electron Work Function
12.6 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
13 Atomic
13.1 Atomic Number
13.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f7 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
13.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
13.3.1 Crystal Lattice
13.4 Atom
13.4.1 Number of Protons
13.4.4 Number of Neutrons
13.5.2 Number of Electrons
13.8 Radius of an Atom
13.8.1 Atomic Radius
180.00 pm176.00 pm
112
265
13.9.4 Covalent Radius
198.00 pm187.00 pm
96
260
13.9.8 Van der Waals Radius
233.00 pm242.00 pm
139
348
13.10 Atomic Weight
151.96 amu173.05 amu
6.94
294
13.11 Atomic Volume
28.90 cm3/mol24.79 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
13.12 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.12.1 Previous Element
13.12.2 Next Element
13.13 Valence Electron Potential
45.60 (-eV)50.30 (-eV)
8
392.42
13.14 Lattice Constant
458.10 pm548.47 pm
228.58
891.25
13.15 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, π/2
13.16 Lattice C/A Ratio
14 Mechanical
14.1 Density
14.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
5.26 g/cm36.90 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
14.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.13 g/cm36.21 g/cm3
0.512
20
14.2 Tensile Strength
120.00 MPa58.00 MPa
2.5
11000
14.3 Viscosity
14.4 Vapor Pressure
14.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
19.40 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
14.4.4 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
14.5 Elasticity properties
14.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.5.4 Bulk Modulus
8.30 GPa30.50 GPa
1.6
462
14.5.9 Young's Modulus
18.20 GPa23.90 GPa
1.7
528
14.6 Poisson Ratio
14.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile
Ductile, Malleable
15 Magnetic
15.1 Magnetic Characteristics
15.1.1 Specific Gravity
15.1.5 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
15.1.6 Permeability
15.1.10 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
0.90 nΩ·m0.25 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.2 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.04 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.4.2 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
17 Thermal
17.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.15 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
17.6 Molar Heat Capacity
27.66 J/mol·K26.74 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
17.7 Thermal Conductivity
13.90 W/m·K38.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
17.9 Critical Temperature
18.2 Thermal Expansion
35.00 µm/(m·K)26.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
18.7 Enthalpy
18.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
143.50 kJ/mol128.90 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
18.8.1 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.21 kJ/mol7.66 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
18.9.1 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/mol180.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
18.12 Standard Molar Entropy
77.80 J/mol.K59.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1