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Fermium
Fermium

Cerium
Cerium



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Fermium vs Cerium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Fm
Ce
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.5 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.7 Block
f block
f block
1.8 Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
1.9 CAS Number
74407247440451
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
2.2 Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
2.3 Space Group Number
NA194.00
Plutonium
11 229
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  • Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
  • It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
  • Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
3.2 Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
3.3.3 Discovery
In 1952
In 1803
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA1 * 10-6 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
3.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
3.5.1 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.7.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.01 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
1.3.2 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
1.4.3 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
2 Uses
2.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
  • Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
2.2.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Chemical Industry
2.3.1 Medical Uses
NA
Medical Research
2.3.2 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
2.4 Biological Properties
2.4.1 Toxicity
Unknown
Moderately Toxic
2.4.2 Present in Human Body
2.4.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.1.6 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,527.00 °C795.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.3 Boiling Point
NA3,257.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
5.2 Appearance
5.2.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
5.2.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery White
5.2.3 Luster
Not Defined
Lustrous
5.3 Hardness
5.3.1 Mohs Hardness
NA2.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
5.5.2 Brinell Hardness
NA186.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
5.7.1 Vickers Hardness
NA210.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
5.10 Speed of Sound
NA2,100.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
5.13 Optical Properties
5.13.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
1.2.1 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
1.6 Allotropes
1.6.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.6.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
1.6.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
2 Chemical
2.1 Chemical Formula
Fm
Ce
2.2 Isotopes
2.2.1 Known Isotopes
1830
Tennessine
0 38
2.6 Electronegativity
2.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.12
Francium
0.7 2.54
2.8.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
2.11.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.08
Cesium
0.86 1.82
3.7.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
3.8.1 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
4.2 Electropositivity
4.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.702.88
Gold
1.46 3.3
4.4 Ionization Energies
4.4.1 1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
4.6.2 2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
4.7.2 3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.2.4 4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.2.7 5th Energy Level
NA6,325.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
6.1.1 6th Energy Level
NA7,490.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
6.2.1 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
6.2.3 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
6.4.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
6.5.2 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
7.1.3 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
7.2.1 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
7.2.3 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
7.4.4 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
8.2.2 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
8.3.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
8.3.3 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
9.1.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
9.2.2 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
9.3.2 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
9.4.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
9.5.1 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
9.6.2 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
9.8.2 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
9.8.3 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
9.8.6 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
9.8.8 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
9.8.10 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
9.9.2 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
9.9.3 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
9.10 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
9.11 Electron Work Function
NA2.84 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
9.12 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10058
Lithium
3 117
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Not Known
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10058
Lithium
3 117
10.4.3 Number of Neutrons
15782
Lithium
4 184
10.4.6 Number of Electrons
10058
Lithium
3 117
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
NA181.80 pm
Beryllium
112 265
10.5.3 Covalent Radius
NA204.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
10.5.5 Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm235.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
10.6 Atomic Weight
257.00 amu140.12 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
10.7 Atomic Volume
NA20.67 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
NA41.78 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
NA362.00 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
NA6.77 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
11.1.4 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA6.55 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
11.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
11.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NA0.00 (Pa)
Palladium
2.47E-11 121
11.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA1.04 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
11.7 Elasticity properties
11.7.1 Shear Modulus
NA13.50 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
12.1.1 Bulk Modulus
NA21.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
12.4.2 Young's Modulus
NA33.60 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
12.5 Poisson Ratio
NA0.24
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
12.6 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
13 Magnetic
13.1 Magnetic Characteristics
13.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA6.77
Lithium
0.53 4500
13.2.2 Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Paramagnetic
13.2.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
13.2.5 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
13.3 Electrical Properties
13.3.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
13.3.2 Resistivity
NA828.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
13.4.1 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
13.5.1 Electron Affinity
NA50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
NA0.19 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
14.3 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.94 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
15.2 Thermal Conductivity
NA11.30 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
15.3 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
15.5 Thermal Expansion
NA6.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
15.7 Enthalpy
15.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA414.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
15.8.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA5.46 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
15.9.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA381.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
15.10 Standard Molar Entropy
NA72.00 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1