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Fermium vs Gold

Fermium
Gold
Gold vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Au  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1952  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gold  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
118  
24
Number of Electrons
100  
18
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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