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Fermium vs Livermorium

Fermium
Livermorium
Livermorium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Lv  
Group Number
3  
15
16  
2
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
p block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Probably Post-​Transition  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
54100719  
3
Space Group Name
-  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 2000  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
-  
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
-  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
-  
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
3,500.00 °C  
18
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
-  
Luster
-  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
-  
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
350.00 MPa  
36
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
400.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
4,600.00 m/s  
21
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.90  
18
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
66.00 %  
17
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Lv  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
5  
32
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.00  
8
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
1.90  
1
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.90  
13
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
2.00  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
116  
2
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Not Known  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
116  
2
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
160  
5
Number of Electrons
100  
18
116  
2
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
183.00 pm  
12
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
183.00 pm  
22
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
0.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
293.00 amu  
2
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Moscovium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
No Next Element  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
362.15 pm  
36
Lattice Angles
-  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.60  
22
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
28
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
12.90 g/cm3  
30
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
80.00 MPa  
29
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
28.50 GPa  
30
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
12.50 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
12.00  
34
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,323.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
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