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Fermium vs Radium

Fermium
Radium
Radium vs Fermium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fm  
Ra  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
f block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
7440724  
19
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
-  
Discovery
In 1952  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
35
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
30
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
23
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,527.00 °C  
26
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
600.00 MPa  
28
140.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,500.00 m/s  
99+
3,150.00 m/s  
37
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
59.00 %  
24
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fm  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
18  
21
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.20  
28
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.92  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.70  
22
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol  
99+
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
39
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,040.00 kJ/mol  
33
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
38
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
38
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
62,700.00 kJ/mol  
28
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
40
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
994.80 kJ/mol  
21
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
345.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
38
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol  
40
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
39
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr  
15
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
4.47 eV  
21
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
100  
18
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Fermium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
100  
18
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
138  
17
Number of Electrons
100  
18
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
180.00 pm  
23
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm  
13
283.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
257.00 amu  
15
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
18.00 cm3/mol  
99+
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Einsteinium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Mendelevium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
350.00 pm  
99+
514.80 pm  
15
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.63  
13
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.70 g/cm3  
99+
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
50.00 GPa  
24
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.35  
9
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
9.70  
99+
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
18
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
7.90 nΩ·m  
99+
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
973.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
319.20 kJ/mol  
99+
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.30 kJ/mol  
30
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
50.00 J/mol.K  
99+
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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