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Fermium
Fermium

Ytterbium
Ytterbium



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Fermium vs Ytterbium

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1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Fm
Yb
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
76
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Actinide
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74407247440644
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
Fm_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
NA225.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Fermium metal is highly radioactive in nature.
  • Fermium is synthetically produced metal.
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
2.2 Sources
Bombarding Pu-239 with Neutrons
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1952
In 1878
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000001 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
NA0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
NA0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
NA0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Fermium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
NA
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
NA
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Unknown
Highly Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,527.00 °C824.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
NA1,196.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Unknown
Silvery White
4.3.3 Luster
Not Defined
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
NA343.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
NA206.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
NA1,590.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Fm
Yb
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
1830
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.30NA
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.06
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.70NA
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,225.00 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,363.00 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,792.00 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.20 g/amp-hr2.15 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
10070
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f12 7s2
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Not Known
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
10070
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
157103
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
10070
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
NA176.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
NA187.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
245.00 pm242.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
257.00 amu173.05 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
NA24.79 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
NA50.30 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
NA548.47 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
NA6.90 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
NA6.21 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA58.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
NA9.90 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
NA30.50 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
NA23.90 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
NA0.21
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
NA6.97
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Unknown
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
NA0.25 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.04 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
NA50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
NA0.15 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.74 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
NA38.50 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NA26.30 K
Mercury
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
NA26.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA128.90 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
NA7.66 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
NA180.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA59.90 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1