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Ytterbium
Ytterbium

Berkelium
Berkelium



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Ytterbium
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Ytterbium vs Berkelium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Yb
Bk
1.2 Group Number
NANA
Gadolinium
0 17
1.6 Period Number
67
Lithium
2 7
1.7 Block
f block
f block
1.8 Element Family
Lanthanide
Actinide
1.9 CAS Number
74406447440406
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.10 Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m
P63/mmc
1.11 Space Group Number
225.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
  • Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.
  • X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
    Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1878
In 1949
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %NA
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~-9999 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %NA
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.5.6 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %NA
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.6.1 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %NA
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.7.1 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
  • It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.
  • This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Unknown
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.3.1 In Bone
NA0.00 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
824.00 °C986.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
5.2 Boiling Point
1,196.00 °C2,627.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
5.3 Appearance
5.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
5.3.2 Color
Silvery White
Silver
5.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
5.4 Hardness
5.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NANA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
5.5.1 Brinell Hardness
343.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
5.6.1 Vickers Hardness
206.00 MPaNA
Palladium
121 3430
5.8 Speed of Sound
1,590.00 m/sNA
Thallium
818 16200
5.9 Optical Properties
5.9.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
5.10.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
5.11 Allotropes
5.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6 Chemical
6.1 Chemical Formula
Yb
Bk
6.2 Isotopes
6.2.1 Known Isotopes
3014
Tennessine
0 38
6.3 Electronegativity
6.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
NA1.30
Francium
0.7 2.54
6.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
6.4.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.061.20
Cesium
0.86 1.82
7.1.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
7.1.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA2.70
Cesium
0.659 2.7
7.2 Electropositivity
7.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
NA2.70
Gold
1.46 3.3
7.4 Ionization Energies
7.4.1 1st Energy Level
603.40 kJ/mol601.00 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
7.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,174.80 kJ/mol1,186.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
7.4.4 3rd Energy Level
2,417.00 kJ/mol2,152.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
7.4.6 4th Energy Level
4,203.00 kJ/mol3,434.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
8.1.1 5th Energy Level
NANA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
8.2.1 6th Energy Level
NANA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
8.3.1 7th Energy level
NANA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
8.3.2 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
8.4.1 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
8.5.1 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
8.6.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
8.6.4 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
8.6.5 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
8.6.7 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
8.7.1 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
8.7.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
8.7.3 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
8.7.4 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
8.7.5 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
8.7.6 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
8.7.7 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
8.7.8 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
8.7.9 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
8.7.10 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
8.7.11 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
8.7.12 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
8.7.13 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
8.7.14 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
8.7.15 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
8.7.16 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
8.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.15 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
8.9 Electron Work Function
NANA
Cesium
2.14 5.65
8.10 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
7097
Lithium
3 117
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 6s2
[Rn] 5f9 7s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
7097
Lithium
3 117
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
103150
Lithium
4 184
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
7097
Lithium
3 117
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
176.00 pm170.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pmNA
Beryllium
96 260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
242.00 pmNA
Zinc
139 348
9.6 Atomic Weight
173.05 amu247.00 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
9.7 Atomic Volume
24.79 cm3/molNA
Manganese
1.39 71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
50.30 (-eV)45.50 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
548.47 pm341.60 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NANA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.90 g/cm314.78 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.21 g/cm313.25 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
10.2 Tensile Strength
58.00 MPaNA
Indium
2.5 11000
10.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
NANA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NANA
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
9.90 GPaNA
Potassium
1.3 222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
30.50 GPaNA
Cesium
1.6 462
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
23.90 GPaNA
Cesium
1.7 528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
0.21NA
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.9714.00
Lithium
0.53 4500
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
11.2.2 Resistivity
0.25 nΩ·mNA
Thallium
0.18 961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.04 106/cm ΩNA
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
0 222.8
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.15 J/(kg K)NA
Americium
0.11 3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
26.74 J/mol·KNA
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
38.50 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
12.4 Critical Temperature
26.30 KNA
Mercury
26.3 3223
12.5 Thermal Expansion
26.30 µm/(m·K)NA
Tungsten
4.5 97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
128.90 kJ/molNA
Zinc
7.32 799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.66 kJ/molNA
Cesium
2.1 35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
180.00 kJ/molNA
Mercury
61.5 837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
59.90 J/mol.KNA
Beryllium
9.5 198.1