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Flerovium vs Cadmium

Flerovium
Cadmium
Cadmium vs Flerovium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Fl  
Cd  
Group Number
14  
4
12  
6
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54085164  
5
7440439  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
198.00  
6
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Flerovium is named after the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions.  
  • Naturally occurring minor elements include Cadmium.
  • Cadmium is released into atmosphere to control volcanic eruption and forest fires.
  • It is used for electroplating of Steel for corrosion resistance.
  • It can absorb neutrons and used in nuclear reactor to control atomic fission.
  
Sources
-  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann and Friedrich Stromeyer  
Discovery
In 1999  
In 1817  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
31
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
28
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
12
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Flerovium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It has very limited uses as it is a toxic metal and it can cause birth defects, cancer, etc.
  • Almost 80% of Cadmium metal is used in Nickel cadmium Batteries and now it is getting replaced with nickel hydride.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3  
24
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
1.80 p.p.m.  
16
Physical
Melting Point
67.00 °C  
99+
320.90 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
147.00 °C  
99+
765.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery Bluish-Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
2.00  
17
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
203.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
450.00 MPa  
38
90.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
3,200.00 m/s  
35
2,310.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.71  
26
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Fl  
Cd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
1  
34
34  
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.60  
1
1.69  
18
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.98  
11
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.46  
16
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.53  
25
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.52  
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.31  
37
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
823.90 kJ/mol  
13
867.80 kJ/mol  
11
2nd Energy Level
1,601.60 kJ/mol  
35
1,631.40 kJ/mol  
33
3rd Energy Level
3,367.30 kJ/mol  
18
3,616.00 kJ/mol  
13
4th Energy Level
4,399.70 kJ/mol  
37
867.80 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
11,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
28
7th Energy level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
8th Energy Level
6,700.00 kJ/mol  
39
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
24
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
10th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
25
11th Energy Level
6,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
22
12th Energy Level
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
24
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
13th Energy Level
5,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,640.00 kJ/mol  
17
14th Energy Level
1,145.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,650.00 kJ/mol  
15
15th Energy Level
67,000.00 kJ/mol  
33
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
16th Energy Level
36,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
86,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
17th Energy Level
1,144.00 kJ/mol  
17
864.90 kJ/mol  
28
18th Energy Level
3,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
17
19th Energy Level
1,127.50 kJ/mol  
16
867.80 kJ/mol  
26
20th Energy Level
800.00 kJ/mol  
24
865.00 kJ/mol  
16
21st Energy Level
670.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,670.00 kJ/mol  
10
22nd Energy Level
340.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
14
23rd Energy Level
1,120.00 kJ/mol  
34
864.90 kJ/mol  
40
24th Energy Level
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
10
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
26th Energy Level
540.10 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
27th Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.90 kJ/mol  
8
28th Energy Level
800.00 kJ/mol  
18
864.90 kJ/mol  
11
29th Energy Level
800.10 kJ/mol  
17
864.90 kJ/mol  
12
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
864.00 kJ/mol  
8
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
2.10 g/amp-hr  
31
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.22 eV  
29
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
114  
4
48  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2  
[Kr] 4d10 5s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Flerovium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cadmium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
114  
4
48  
99+
Number of Neutrons
184  
2
64  
99+
Number of Electrons
114  
4
48  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
180.00 pm  
16
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
171.00 pm  
26
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
158.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
289.00 amu  
3
112.41 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
14.00 cm3/mol  
99+
13.10 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nihonium
  
Silver
  
Next Element
Moscovium
  
Indium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
30.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
-  
297.94 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.89  
2
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
14.00 g/cm3  
24
8.65 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
14.00 g/cm3  
24
8.00 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
0.10 MPa  
99+
62.00 MPa  
34
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
13
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
30
0.00 (Pa)  
24
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
35.00 GPa  
21
19.00 GPa  
99+
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
42.00 GPa  
34
Young's Modulus
0.00 GPa  
99+
50.00 GPa  
39
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
14.00  
25
8.65  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
15
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
5.40 nΩ·m  
99+
72.70 nΩ·m  
36
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
17
Electron Affinity
-  
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.23 J/(kg K)  
26
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
26.02 J/mol·K  
40
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
96.60 W/m·K  
16
Critical Temperature
340.00 K  
99+
594.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
7.10 µm/(m·K)  
99+
30.80 µm/(m·K)  
10
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
337.40 kJ/mol  
38
100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
14.50 kJ/mol  
26
6.19 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
-  
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
51.80 J/mol.K  
38
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