1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.7 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.3 Element Family
2.4 CAS Number
225371957440451
7429905
54386242
1.3 Space Group Name
1.4 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Cerium is a rare earth metal but still it is not rare at all.
- It’s non-toxic compound Cerium sulfide has a rich red color and it is used as a pigment.
- Cerium metal is also used in Flat screen TVs, light bulb, floodlights, etc.
3.2 Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Martin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.2.6 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.0000004 %
1E-08
0.1
4.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
5.2.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
5.2.8 Abundance In Oceans
5.3.3 Abundance In Humans
6 Uses
6.1 Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is used to include flints for cigarette lighters.
- Its compound Cerium (Ill) Oxide is used as a catalyst; it is put inside the walls of the oven as it prevents from the buildup of cooking residues.
6.1.1 Industrial Uses
6.1.2 Medical Uses
6.1.3 Other Uses
6.2 Biological Properties
6.2.1 Toxicity
6.2.2 Present in Human Body
6.3.2 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
7.2.6 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.2.70 p.p.m.
0
170000
8 Physical
8.1 Melting Point
1,627.00 °C795.00 °C
27
3410
9.2 Boiling Point
9.7 Appearance
9.7.1 Physical State
9.7.2 Color
9.7.3 Luster
9.8 Hardness
9.8.1 Mohs Hardness
10.1.3 Brinell Hardness
10.4.9 Vickers Hardness
11.3 Speed of Sound
11.6 Optical Properties
11.6.1 Refractive Index
11.6.5 Reflectivity
11.9 Allotropes
11.9.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.9.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
11.9.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
12 Chemical
12.1 Chemical Formula
12.2 Isotopes
12.2.1 Known Isotopes
12.4 Electronegativity
12.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
13.2.5 Sanderson Electronegativity
15.2.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
15.6.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
15.7.5 Allen Electronegativity
15.9 Electropositivity
15.9.1 Pauling Electropositivity
15.11 Ionization Energies
15.11.1 1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol534.40 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
15.12.2 2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
15.14.3 3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol1,949.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
15.15.4 4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol3,547.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
15.15.9 5th Energy Level
NA6,325.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
15.17.1 6th Energy Level
NA7,490.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
15.17.3 7th Energy level
15.19.2 8th Energy Level
15.19.7 9th Energy Level
15.22.2 10th Energy Level
15.25.1 11th Energy Level
15.27.1 12th Energy Level
16.1.3 13th Energy Level
16.1.7 14th Energy Level
16.1.9 15th Energy Level
16.2.3 16th Energy Level
16.3.3 17th Energy Level
16.4.2 18th Energy Level
16.4.6 19th Energy Level
16.4.8 20th Energy Level
16.5.2 21st Energy Level
16.5.4 22nd Energy Level
16.5.7 23rd Energy Level
16.5.9 24th Energy Level
16.5.12 25th Energy Level
16.5.15 26th Energy Level
16.5.17 27th Energy Level
16.6.2 28th Energy Level
16.6.4 29th Energy Level
16.6.6 30th Energy Level
17.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr1.74 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
17.3 Electron Work Function
17.4 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
18 Atomic
18.1 Atomic Number
18.3 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
18.4 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
18.4.1 Crystal Lattice
18.5 Atom
18.5.1 Number of Protons
18.5.6 Number of Neutrons
18.5.10 Number of Electrons
18.7 Radius of an Atom
18.7.1 Atomic Radius
19.1.1 Covalent Radius
19.2.1 Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm235.00 pm
139
348
19.4 Atomic Weight
266.00 amu140.12 amu
6.94
294
20.4 Atomic Volume
NA20.67 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
20.10 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
20.10.1 Previous Element
20.10.2 Next Element
20.11 Valence Electron Potential
20.13 Lattice Constant
NA362.00 pm
228.58
891.25
21.2 Lattice Angles
21.3 Lattice C/A Ratio
22 Mechanical
22.1 Density
22.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
22.1.5 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
22.3 Tensile Strength
22.4 Viscosity
22.5 Vapor Pressure
22.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
22.8.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
22.9 Elasticity properties
22.9.1 Shear Modulus
22.10.1 Bulk Modulus
22.13.1 Young's Modulus
22.16 Poisson Ratio
22.19 Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile, Malleable
23 Magnetic
23.1 Magnetic Characteristics
23.1.1 Specific Gravity
24.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
24.1.3 Permeability
24.2.1 Susceptibility
24.5 Electrical Properties
24.5.1 Electrical Property
24.5.2 Resistivity
25.1.2 Electrical Conductivity
NA0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
25.2.1 Electron Affinity
26 Thermal
26.1 Specific Heat
26.4 Molar Heat Capacity
NA26.94 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
26.5 Thermal Conductivity
26.8 Critical Temperature
26.9 Thermal Expansion
26.11 Enthalpy
26.11.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
NA414.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
27.1.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.1.7 Enthalpy of Atomization
27.4 Standard Molar Entropy
NA72.00 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1