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Lawrencium vs Gold

Lawrencium
Gold
Gold vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Au  
Group Number
3  
15
11  
7
Period Number
7  
6  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440575  
31
Space Group Name
-  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • It is found in copper ores and from the crust of the earth.
  • It is the most malleable and ductile metal.
  • Gold alloys are used in Dentistry as fillings, crowning, clips, etc. It is also used as an artificial limb joints.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Earth's crust, Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
Before 6000 BCE  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
27
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
21
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Gold metal is mainly used for Jewelry, bullion, coinage, etc.
  • It is used in the art, decoration, ornaments, etc. It is also used for electroplating process.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Clothing Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
Alloys, Bullion, Coinage, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Non Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
38
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.02 p.p.m.  
35
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
1,064.43 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
2,807.00 °C  
37
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gold  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
2.50  
15
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
194.00 MPa  
99+
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
216.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
2,030.00 m/s  
99+
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
0.47  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
95.00 %  
2
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Au  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
36  
3
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.54  
2
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.50  
18
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.87  
15
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
1.92  
7
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.46  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,980.00 kJ/mol  
12
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,856.00 kJ/mol  
33
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
6
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
24
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
20
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
20
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
21
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
19
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
39
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,900.00 kJ/mol  
14
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
89,000.00 kJ/mol  
7
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
890.10 kJ/mol  
25
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,901.00 kJ/mol  
14
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
890.10 kJ/mol  
23
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
890.00 kJ/mol  
13
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
890.10 kJ/mol  
35
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
11
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
890.10 kJ/mol  
38
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
6
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.00 kJ/mol  
5
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
4
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
7
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
8
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
890.10 kJ/mol  
5
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
2.45 g/amp-hr  
25
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.10 eV  
8
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Chemical Stability, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
79  
37
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Gold.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
79  
37
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
118  
24
Number of Electrons
103  
15
79  
37
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
151.00 pm  
34
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
144.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
166.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
196.97 amu  
33
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
10.20 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Platinum
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Mercury
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
43.40 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
407.82 pm  
24
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.61  
18
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
19.30 g/cm3  
15
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
17.31 g/cm3  
16
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
120.00 MPa  
27
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
23
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
25
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
67.00 (Pa)  
4
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
27.00 GPa  
34
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
79.00 GPa  
26
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.40  
4
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
19.32  
17
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
10
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
22
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
2.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.45 106/cm Ω  
3
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
222.80 kJ/mol  
1
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.42 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
318.00 W/m·K  
3
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,337.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
14.20 µm/(m·K)  
29
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
324.40 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
12.55 kJ/mol  
33
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
364.00 kJ/mol  
34
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
47.40 J/mol.K  
99+
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