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Lawrencium vs Radium

Lawrencium
Radium
Radium vs Lawrencium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lr  
Ra  
Group Number
3  
15
2  
16
Period Number
7  
7  
Block
d block  
s block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Alkaline Earth  
CAS Number
22537195  
15
7440144  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • It is synthetically produced metal.
  • Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
  
  • Radium metal is the heaviest metal of Alkaline earth metals column.
  • Radium metal is highly radioactive and does not have any stable isotopes.
  
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Mining, Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research  
-  
Discovery
In 1961–1971  
In 1898  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
23
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is a highly radioactive metal; and sometime Radium-223 is used to treat prostate cancer.
  • It is used in luminous paints.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
-  
-  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Highly Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
34
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,627.00 °C  
20
700.00 °C  
99+
Boiling Point
0.00 °C  
99+
1,737.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
1.00  
22
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa  
28
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa  
35
140.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,760.00 m/s  
99+
3,150.00 m/s  
37
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
1.00  
99+
Reflectivity
65.00 %  
18
83.00 %  
6
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lr  
Ra  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
10  
28
33  
6
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.90  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.89  
99+
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.30  
25
0.97  
39
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
0.92  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.30  
40
0.89  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
3.10  
5
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,428.00 kJ/mol  
99+
979.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,228.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
4,910.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,093.00 kJ/mol  
27
5th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
22
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
47,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
50,900.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
15
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
4,780.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
12
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
860.00 kJ/mol  
17
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
1,186.00 kJ/mol  
27
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
388.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
1,180.00 kJ/mol  
32
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
546.10 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
594.70 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
470.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
478.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.30 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
509.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.23 g/amp-hr  
12
4.22 g/amp-hr  
6
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Atomic
Atomic Number
103  
15
88  
30
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1  
[Rn] 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
103  
15
88  
30
Number of Neutrons
157  
8
138  
17
Number of Electrons
103  
15
88  
30
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
162.00 pm  
28
215.00 pm  
6
Covalent Radius
162.00 pm  
31
221.00 pm  
3
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm  
12
283.00 pm  
5
Atomic Weight
266.00 amu  
12
226.00 amu  
26
Atomic Volume
35.10 cm3/mol  
7
45.20 cm3/mol  
5
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Nobelium
  
Francium
  
Next Element
Rutherfordium
  
Actinium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
20.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
530.00 pm  
14
514.80 pm  
15
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.57  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
15.00 g/cm3  
22
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
15.60 g/cm3  
20
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
40.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
2
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
33
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
30.00 GPa  
27
25.00 GPa  
38
Bulk Modulus
15.00 GPa  
99+
43.00 GPa  
33
Young's Modulus
210.00 GPa  
10
83.00 GPa  
25
Poisson Ratio
0.32  
12
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
15.60  
22
5.00  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
-  
Nonmagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
13
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
23
0.00  
18
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
-  
Resistivity
8.37 nΩ·m  
99+
100.00 nΩ·m  
31
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.90 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.22 J/(kg K)  
29
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
20.05 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
18.60 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
973.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.50 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
341.90 kJ/mol  
37
113.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
8.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Enthalpy of Atomization
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
163.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Standard Molar Entropy
54.80 J/mol.K  
35
71.00 J/mol.K  
14
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