Group Number
Not Available
Element Family
Actinide
Actinide
Space Group Name
Not Available
P63/mmc
Space Group Number
Not Available
Interesting Facts
- It is synthetically produced metal.
- Radiation hazard can be produce by it.
- Thorium metal is used as an alternate option over Uranium for nuclear fuel.
- Thorium metals appearance (silvery white, soft) is somewhat similar to Lead metal.
Sources
Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
Who Discovered
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Jöns Jakob Berzelius
Discovery
In 1961–1971
In 1829
Abundance In Universe
Not Available
Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- Thorium metal is used as an allying agent for Magnesium, It imparts greater strength and resistance to temperature.
-
compound of this metal Thorium oxide is used as an industrial catalyst.
Industrial Uses
NA
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Medical Uses
NA
Dentistry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing
Other Uses
NA
Alloys, Jewellery, Sculptures, Statues
Toxicity
Unknown
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
Yes
Boiling Point
Not Available
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Mohs Hardness
Not Available
Brinell Hardness
Not Available
Vickers Hardness
Not Available
Speed of Sound
Not Available
α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
Pauling Electronegativity
Not Available
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Not Available
Pauling Electropositivity
Not Available
Electrochemical Equivalent
Electron Work Function
Not Available
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1
[Rn] 6d2 7s2
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Thorium.jpg#100
Atomic Radius
Not Available
Covalent Radius
Not Available
Atomic Volume
Not Available
Valence Electron Potential
Not Available
Lattice Constant
Not Available
Lattice Angles
NA
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available
Not Available
Density At Room Temperature
Not Available
Tensile Strength
Not Available
Not Available
Viscosity
Not Available
Not Available
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Not Available
Shear Modulus
Not Available
Bulk Modulus
Not Available
Young's Modulus
Not Available
Other Mechanical Properties
Unknown
Ductile
Specific Gravity
Not Available
Magnetic Ordering
Unknown
Paramagnetic
Electrical Property
Unknown
Superconductor
Resistivity
Not Available
Electrical Conductivity
Not Available
Specific Heat
Not Available
Molar Heat Capacity
Not Available
Thermal Conductivity
Not Available
Critical Temperature
Not Available
Not Available
Thermal Expansion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Not Available
Enthalpy of Fusion
Not Available
Enthalpy of Atomization
Not Available
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available