Lawrencium

Ytterbium

Lawrencium vs Ytterbium

Lawrencium

Ytterbium

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

NANA

0 17

1.3 Period Number

2 7

1.4 Block

d block

f block

1.5 Element Family

Actinide

Lanthanide

1.6 CAS Number

225371957440644

7429905 54386242

1.7 Space Group Name

Not Available

Fm_ 3m

1.8 Space Group Number

NA225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

It is synthetically produced metal.
Radiation hazard can be produce by it.

Ytterbium metal oxidizes rapidly if exposed to air.
Ytterbium metal can dissolve quickly in Mineral acid.

2.2 Sources

Bombarding Californium-252 with Boron Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining

Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research

Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac

2.3.2 Discovery

In 1961–1971

In 1878

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA2 * 10^-7 %

5E-09 0.11

2.4.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.0000001 %

1E-08 0.1

2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.00 %

1.7E-07 22

2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.00 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.4.6 Abundance In Humans

NANA

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Currently known uses of Lawrencium metal are limited to research purpose only.

Ytterbium metal is used in memory devices and tuneable laser.
It is also used as industrial catalyst as the other catalysts are too toxic and polluting.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Unknown

Highly Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-3NA

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.NA

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

1,627.00 °C824.00 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

NA1,196.00 °C

147 5660

4.3 Appearance

4.3.1 Physical State

Solid

4.3.2 Color

Silver

Silvery White

4.3.3 Luster

Unknown Luster

Metallic

4.4 Hardness

4.4.1 Mohs Hardness

NANA

0.2 8.5

4.4.2 Brinell Hardness

NA343.00 MPa

0.14 3490

4.4.3 Vickers Hardness

NA206.00 MPa

121 3430

4.5 Speed of Sound

NA1,590.00 m/s

818 16200

4.6 Optical Properties

4.6.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

4.6.2 Reflectivity

NANA

58 97

4.7 Allotropes

✔ ✘

4.7.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

4.7.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

5 Chemical

5.1 Chemical Formula

5.2 Isotopes

5.2.1 Known Isotopes

1030

0 38

5.3 Electronegativity

5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity

NANA

0.7 2.54

5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity

NANA

0.22 2.56

5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

NA1.06

0.86 1.82

5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NANA

0.62 2.48

5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity

NANA

0.659 2.7

5.4 Electropositivity

5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity

NANA

1.46 3.3

5.5 Ionization Energies

5.5.1 1st Energy Level

470.00 kJ/mol603.40 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

5.5.2 2nd Energy Level

1,428.00 kJ/mol1,174.80 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

5.5.3 3rd Energy Level

2,228.00 kJ/mol2,417.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

5.5.4 4th Energy Level

4,910.00 kJ/mol4,203.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

5.5.5 5th Energy Level

NANA

4305.2 97510

5.5.6 6th Energy Level

NANA

5715.8 105800

5.5.7 7th Energy level

NANA

7226.8 114300

5.5.8 8th Energy Level

NANA

8857.4 125300

5.5.9 9th Energy Level

NANA

14110 134700

5.5.10 10th Energy Level

NANA

17100 144300

5.5.11 11th Energy Level

NANA

19900 169988

5.5.12 12th Energy Level

NANA

22219 189368

5.5.13 13th Energy Level

NANA

26930 76015

5.5.14 14th Energy Level

NANA

29196 86450

5.5.15 15th Energy Level

NANA

41987 97510

5.5.16 16th Energy Level

NANA

47206 109480

5.5.17 17th Energy Level

NANA

52737 122200

5.5.18 18th Energy Level

NANA

58570 134810

5.5.19 19th Energy Level

NANA

64702 148700

5.5.20 20th Energy Level

NANA

80400 171200

5.5.21 21st Energy Level

NANA

87000 179100

5.5.22 22nd Energy Level

NANA

93400 184900

5.5.23 23rd Energy Level

NANA

98420 198800

5.5.24 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

5.5.25 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

5.5.26 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

5.5.27 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

5.5.28 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

5.5.29 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

5.5.30 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent

3.23 g/amp-hr2.15 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

5.7 Electron Work Function

NANA

2.14 5.65

5.8 Other Chemical Properties

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes

Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility

6 Atomic

6.1 Atomic Number

10370

3 117

6.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f¹⁴ 7s² 7p¹

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 6s²

6.3 Crystal Structure

Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

6.3.1 Crystal Lattice

6.4 Atom

6.4.1 Number of Protons

10370

3 117

6.4.2 Number of Neutrons

157103

4 184

6.4.3 Number of Electrons

10370

3 117

6.5 Radius of an Atom

6.5.1 Atomic Radius

NA176.00 pm

112 265

6.5.2 Covalent Radius

NA187.00 pm

96 260

6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

246.00 pm242.00 pm

139 348

6.6 Atomic Weight

266.00 amu173.05 amu

6.94 294

6.7 Atomic Volume

NA24.79 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

6.8.1 Previous Element

6.8.2 Next Element

6.9 Valence Electron Potential

NA50.30 (-eV)

8 392.42

6.10 Lattice Constant

NA548.47 pm

228.58 891.25

6.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

7 Mechanical

7.1 Density

7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

NA6.90 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

NA6.21 g/cm3

0.512 20

7.2 Tensile Strength

NA58.00 MPa

2.5 11000

7.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

7.4 Vapor Pressure

7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

NANA

2.47E-11 121

7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

NANA

2.62E-10 774

7.5 Elasticity properties

7.5.1 Shear Modulus

NA9.90 GPa

1.3 222

7.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA30.50 GPa

1.6 462

7.5.3 Young's Modulus

NA23.90 GPa

1.7 528

7.6 Poisson Ratio

0.320.21

0.032 0.47

7.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Unknown

Ductile, Malleable

8 Magnetic

8.1 Magnetic Characteristics

8.1.1 Specific Gravity

NA6.97

0.53 4500

8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Unknown

Paramagnetic

8.1.3 Permeability

NANA

1.25643E-06 0.0063

8.1.4 Susceptibility

NANA

-0.000166 200000

8.2 Electrical Properties

8.2.1 Electrical Property

Unknown

Conductor

8.2.2 Resistivity

NA0.25 nΩ·m

0.18 961

8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

NA0.04 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

8.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA50.00 kJ/mol

0 222.8

9 Thermal

9.1 Specific Heat

NA0.15 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

9.2 Molar Heat Capacity

NA26.74 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

9.3 Thermal Conductivity

NA38.50 W/m·K

6.3 429

9.4 Critical Temperature

NA26.30 K

26.3 3223

9.5 Thermal Expansion

NA26.30 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

9.6 Enthalpy

9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

NA128.90 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

NA7.66 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

NA180.00 kJ/mol

61.5 837

9.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA59.90 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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