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Livermorium vs Cobalt

Livermorium
Cobalt
Cobalt vs Livermorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lv  
Co  
Group Number
16  
2
9  
9
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Probably Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54100719  
3
7440484  
38
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
  • The main source of Cobalt is as a by-product of copper and nickel metal mining.
  • Cobalt metal can be obtained from other elements like Oxygen, Sulfur and Arsenic.
  • It s also used in electroplating process as it exhibits anti cession properties.
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
Found in Compounds, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Georg Brandt  
Discovery
In 2000  
In 1732  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
10
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.06 %  
10
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
20
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • Its alloys with aluminum and nickel are used to make powerful magnets.
  • Few other alloys exhibit high-temperature strength and hence they are used in Turbines of Jet and Gas engine.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Pharmaceutical Industry  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.04 Blood/mg dm-3  
18
In Bone
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
0.04 p.p.m.  
32
Physical
Melting Point
-  
1,495.00 °C  
29
Boiling Point
3,500.00 °C  
18
2,870.00 °C  
35
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Gray  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
5.00  
8
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
470.00 MPa  
31
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,043.00 MPa  
18
Speed of Sound
4,600.00 m/s  
21
4,720.00 m/s  
18
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.50  
5
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
67.00 %  
16
Allotropes
No  
Yes  
α Allotropes
-  
α-Cobalt  
β Allotropes
-  
β-Cobalt  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lv  
Co  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
5  
32
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
1.88  
13
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.56  
1
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.90  
1
1.70  
6
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
1.88  
14
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
1.84  
13
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
2.12  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
760.40 kJ/mol  
19
2nd Energy Level
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
1,648.00 kJ/mol  
32
3rd Energy Level
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
3,232.00 kJ/mol  
22
4th Energy Level
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
4,950.00 kJ/mol  
29
5th Energy Level
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,670.00 kJ/mol  
18
6th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9,840.00 kJ/mol  
18
7th Energy level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
12,440.00 kJ/mol  
11
8th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
15,230.00 kJ/mol  
12
9th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
17,959.00 kJ/mol  
13
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26,570.00 kJ/mol  
7
11th Energy Level
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
29,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
12th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,400.00 kJ/mol  
30
13th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
36,600.00 kJ/mol  
8
14th Energy Level
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
39,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
15th Energy Level
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
42,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
49,396.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
52,737.00 kJ/mol  
13
18th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
134,810.00 kJ/mol  
1
19th Energy Level
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
145,170.00 kJ/mol  
2
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
154,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
21st Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
167,400.00 kJ/mol  
4
22nd Energy Level
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
178,100.00 kJ/mol  
3
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
189,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
24th Energy Level
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
25th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
26th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
27th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
760.40 kJ/mol  
16
28th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
760.40 kJ/mol  
22
29th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
760.40 kJ/mol  
23
30th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
760.40 kJ/mol  
17
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
5.00 eV  
9
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Atomic
Atomic Number
116  
2
22  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
[Ar] 3d2 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Cobalt.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
116  
2
22  
99+
Number of Neutrons
160  
5
26  
99+
Number of Electrons
116  
2
22  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm  
12
147.00 pm  
36
Covalent Radius
183.00 pm  
22
160.00 pm  
32
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
293.00 amu  
2
47.87 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
10.64 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Moscovium
  
Iron
  
Next Element
No Next Element  
Nickel
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
95.20 (-eV)  
10
Lattice Constant
362.15 pm  
36
295.08 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.26  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.90 g/cm3  
28
4.51 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.90 g/cm3  
30
4.11 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
434.00 MPa  
10
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.98 (Pa)  
14
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.50 GPa  
30
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
110.00 GPa  
15
Young's Modulus
12.50 GPa  
99+
116.00 GPa  
20
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.32  
12
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.00  
34
4,500.00  
1
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
3
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Poor Conductor  
Resistivity
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
420.00 nΩ·m  
12
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.02 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
7.60 kJ/mol  
99+
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.52 J/(kg K)  
9
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
25.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
21.90 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
1,768.00 K  
32
Thermal Expansion
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
8.60 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
429.00 kJ/mol  
20
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
15.48 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Atomization
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
468.60 kJ/mol  
20
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
27.30 J/mol.K  
99+
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