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Livermorium vs Ruthenium

Livermorium
Ruthenium
Ruthenium vs Livermorium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Lv  
Ru  
Group Number
16  
2
8  
10
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
p block  
d block  
Element Family
Probably Post-​Transition  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
54100719  
3
7440188  
99+
Space Group Name
-  
P63/mmc  
Space Group Number
166.00  
9
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
Livermorium was first synthesized in 2000 by a joint Russian-American research team.  
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Sources
Synthetically Produced  
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory  
Karl Ernst Claus  
Discovery
In 2000  
In 1844  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
21
Abundance In Sun
-  
0.00 %  
22
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
26
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
38
Abundance In Humans
-  
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Livermorium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Medical Research  
Other Uses
Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
-  
Low Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.50 p.p.m.  
22
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
-  
2,250.00 °C  
8
Boiling Point
3,500.00 °C  
18
3,900.00 °C  
14
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
-  
Silvery White  
Luster
Unknown Luster  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
-  
6.50  
5
Brinell Hardness
350.00 MPa  
36
2,160.00 MPa  
3
Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa  
99+
1,160.00 MPa  
14
Speed of Sound
4,600.00 m/s  
21
5,970.00 m/s  
7
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.60  
4
Reflectivity
66.00 %  
17
6.00 %  
38
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Lv  
Ru  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
5  
32
26  
13
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00  
8
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.90  
1
1.42  
19
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.90  
13
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.90  
8
1.54  
28
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00  
99+
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
723.60 kJ/mol  
28
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
2nd Energy Level
1,331.50 kJ/mol  
99+
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,846.30 kJ/mol  
35
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
4th Energy Level
3,811.20 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
5th Energy Level
6,078.60 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
6th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
38
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
8th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
34
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
31
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
11th Energy Level
6,200.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
12th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
30
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
14th Energy Level
1,168.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
70,900.00 kJ/mol  
26
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
16th Energy Level
58,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
17th Energy Level
1,085.00 kJ/mol  
23
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
7,090.00 kJ/mol  
32
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
19th Energy Level
1,169.70 kJ/mol  
13
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
20th Energy Level
870.00 kJ/mol  
15
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
21st Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
370.00 kJ/mol  
99+
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
23rd Energy Level
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
548.90 kJ/mol  
99+
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
25th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
27
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
26th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
27th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
28th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
31
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
29th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
32
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
30th Energy Level
709.00 kJ/mol  
26
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.00 g/amp-hr  
21
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.71 eV  
14
Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Ionization  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
116  
2
44  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4  
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Not Known  
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Crystal Lattice
Unknown-Crystal-Structure-of-Livermorium.jpg#100  
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
116  
2
44  
99+
Number of Neutrons
160  
5
57  
99+
Number of Electrons
116  
2
44  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
183.00 pm  
12
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
183.00 pm  
22
146.00 pm  
40
Van der Waals Radius
0.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
293.00 amu  
2
101.07 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
22.90 cm3/mol  
16
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Moscovium
  
Technetium
  
Next Element
No Next Element  
Rhodium
  
Valence Electron Potential
0.00 (-eV)  
99+
64.00 (-eV)  
22
Lattice Constant
362.15 pm  
36
270.59 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.60  
22
1.58  
33
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.90 g/cm3  
28
12.45 g/cm3  
29
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
12.90 g/cm3  
30
10.65 g/cm3  
37
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa  
29
50.00 MPa  
38
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
0.00 (Pa)  
23
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
28.50 GPa  
30
173.00 GPa  
4
Bulk Modulus
42.00 GPa  
34
220.00 GPa  
7
Young's Modulus
12.50 GPa  
99+
447.00 GPa  
3
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
-  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.00  
34
12.45  
31
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
10
0.00 H/m  
17
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
-  
Conductor  
Resistivity
0.50 nΩ·m  
99+
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K  
29
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
0.00 W/m·K  
99+
117.00 W/m·K  
13
Critical Temperature
1,323.00 K  
99+
2,607.00 K  
9
Thermal Expansion
9.70 µm/(m·K)  
99+
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
722.00 kJ/mol  
3
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
Enthalpy of Fusion
-  
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
Enthalpy of Atomization
380.50 kJ/mol  
32
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
Standard Molar Entropy
50.20 J/mol.K  
99+
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
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