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Ruthenium vs Roentgenium

Ruthenium
Roentgenium
Roentgenium vs Ruthenium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ru  
Rg  
Group Number
8  
10
11  
7
Period Number
5  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
-  
CAS Number
7440188  
99+
54386242  
1
Space Group Name
P63/mmc  
-  
Space Group Number
194.00  
7
194.00  
7
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Ruthenium element has been extracted from used nuclear fuel.
  • Ruthenium metal also produces as a by-product of the Nickel mining.
  
Roentgenium is a highly unstable synthetic element.  
Sources
By-product of Nickel Refining, Found in Minerals, Mining  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Karl Ernst Claus  
Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung  
Discovery
In 1844  
In 1994  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
22
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
26
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
38
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It is used for producing chip resistors and contact.
  • Ruthenium oxide is used to coat the anodes cells for chlorine production in chemical industry. It also works as catalysts for ammonia and acetic acid reaction.
  
  • Currently known uses of Roentgenium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
Medical Research  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Low Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
2,250.00 °C  
8
-  
Boiling Point
3,900.00 °C  
14
2,800.00 °C  
38
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.50  
5
-  
Brinell Hardness
2,160.00 MPa  
3
700.00 MPa  
17
Vickers Hardness
1,160.00 MPa  
14
450.00 MPa  
38
Speed of Sound
5,970.00 m/s  
7
3,430.00 m/s  
32
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
2.60  
4
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
6.00 %  
38
64.00 %  
19
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ru  
Rg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
26  
13
1  
34
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
2.20  
5
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20  
8
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.42  
19
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.20  
6
0.90  
99+
Allen Electronegativity
1.54  
28
0.80  
99+
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
1.80  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
32
1,022.70 kJ/mol  
3
2nd Energy Level
710.22 kJ/mol  
99+
2,074.40 kJ/mol  
10
3rd Energy Level
2,747.00 kJ/mol  
38
3,077.90 kJ/mol  
24
4th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
12
4,052.40 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
27
5,306.70 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
7,107.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,100.00 kJ/mol  
10
7th Energy level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
37
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
4,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
5,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,650.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
35
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
7,197.00 kJ/mol  
32
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
12th Energy Level
7,190.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
29
8,700.00 kJ/mol  
16
14th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
16
15th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
25
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
16th Energy Level
71,000.00 kJ/mol  
21
83,000.00 kJ/mol  
11
17th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
830.80 kJ/mol  
30
18th Energy Level
7,100.00 kJ/mol  
31
8,300.00 kJ/mol  
19
19th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
38
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
32
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
22nd Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
99+
5,800.00 kJ/mol  
21
24th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
538.70 kJ/mol  
99+
25th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
26
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
25
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
28th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
30
880.00 kJ/mol  
8
29th Energy Level
710.20 kJ/mol  
31
580.00 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
710.00 kJ/mol  
25
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.26 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.10 g/amp-hr  
18
Electron Work Function
4.71 eV  
14
4.90 eV  
12
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
44  
99+
111  
7
Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
rystal-Structure-of-Ruthenium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
44  
99+
111  
7
Number of Neutrons
57  
99+
161  
4
Number of Electrons
44  
99+
111  
7
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
134.00 pm  
99+
200.00 pm  
7
Covalent Radius
146.00 pm  
40
126.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
280.00 pm  
6
Atomic Weight
101.07 amu  
99+
281.00 amu  
6
Atomic Volume
8.30 cm3/mol  
99+
28.70 cm3/mol  
12
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Technetium
  
Darmstadtium
  
Next Element
Rhodium
  
Copernicium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.00 (-eV)  
22
11.90 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
270.59 pm  
99+
0.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.58  
33
1.90  
1
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
12.45 g/cm3  
29
28.70 g/cm3  
6
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
10.65 g/cm3  
37
28.70 g/cm3  
7
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa  
38
65.00 MPa  
33
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
37
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
23
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
173.00 GPa  
4
26.00 GPa  
36
Bulk Modulus
220.00 GPa  
7
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
447.00 GPa  
3
12.70 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.30  
14
0.30  
14
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
12.45  
31
28.70  
8
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
17
0.00 H/m  
12
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
71.00 nΩ·m  
38
0.20 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
18
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
101.30 kJ/mol  
11
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.24 J/(kg K)  
24
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
Molar Heat Capacity
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
23.70 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
117.00 W/m·K  
13
0.10 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
2,607.00 K  
9
1,100.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
6.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
12.60 µm/(m·K)  
40
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
567.80 kJ/mol  
13
580.00 kJ/mol  
12
Enthalpy of Fusion
25.50 kJ/mol  
7
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
603.00 kJ/mol  
10
580.00 kJ/mol  
14
Standard Molar Entropy
28.50 J/mol.K  
99+
57.00 J/mol.K  
30
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