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Manganese
Manganese

Gadolinium
Gadolinium



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Gadolinium

Manganese vs Gadolinium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Mn
Gd
1.2 Group Number
70
Sodium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
46
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
74399657440542
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
I_ 43m
P63/mmc
1.8 Space Group Number
217.00194.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Manganese is an essential trace element in all forms of life.
  • Manganese metal oxidizes very easily, but it does not fuse that easily.
  • Gadolinium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
  • Gadolinium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Johann Gottlieb Gahn
Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1774
In 1880
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
8 * 10-4 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.001 %~0.0000002 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.27 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.11 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
0.00 %NA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • This metal is very brittle hence it mostly not used as a pure metal, but its alloys are very useful
  • Its alloy Manganese steel is extremely strong and used in railway tracks, safes, prison bars and riffle barrels.
  • Its alloys are also used in making Magnets, electronic components and Data storage devices.
  • Compound of Gadolinium metal are used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
0.08 Blood/mg dm-3NA
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
100.00 p.p.m.NA
Plutonium
0 170000
2 Physical
2.1 Melting Point
1,245.00 °C1,311.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
2.2 Boiling Point
1,962.00 °C3,233.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
2.4 Appearance
2.4.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
2.4.2 Color
Silver
Silvery White
2.4.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
2.5 Hardness
2.5.1 Mohs Hardness
6.00NA
Cesium
0.2 8.5
2.8.1 Brinell Hardness
196.00 MPaNA
Cesium
0.14 3490
2.10.1 Vickers Hardness
NA510.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
3.5 Speed of Sound
5,150.00 m/s2,680.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
3.6 Optical Properties
3.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
3.6.3 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
3.7 Allotropes
3.7.2 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.7.3 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
3.7.4 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4 Chemical
4.1 Chemical Formula
Mn
Gd
4.2 Isotopes
4.2.1 Known Isotopes
2126
Tennessine
0 38
4.3 Electronegativity
4.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.551.20
Francium
0.7 2.54
4.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
2.20NA
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.2.4 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.601.11
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.2.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.2.7 Allen Electronegativity
1.75NA
Cesium
0.659 2.7
6.2 Electropositivity
6.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.452.80
Gold
1.46 3.3
6.4 Ionization Energies
6.4.1 1st Energy Level
717.30 kJ/mol593.40 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
6.6.1 2nd Energy Level
1,509.00 kJ/mol1,170.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
6.6.3 3rd Energy Level
3,248.00 kJ/mol1,990.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
6.6.5 4th Energy Level
4,940.00 kJ/mol4,250.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
6.6.7 5th Energy Level
6,990.00 kJ/molNA
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
6.7.1 6th Energy Level
9,220.00 kJ/molNA
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
6.7.2 7th Energy level
11,500.00 kJ/molNA
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
6.8.2 8th Energy Level
18,770.00 kJ/molNA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
6.9.2 9th Energy Level
21,400.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
14110 134700
7.2.2 10th Energy Level
23,960.00 kJ/molNA
Strontium
17100 144300
7.3.2 11th Energy Level
27,590.00 kJ/molNA
Yttrium
19900 169988
7.3.4 12th Energy Level
30,330.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
7.3.6 13th Energy Level
33,150.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
7.3.8 14th Energy Level
38,880.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
7.3.10 15th Energy Level
41,987.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
41987 97510
7.3.11 16th Energy Level
109,480.00 kJ/molNA
Iron
47206 109480
7.4.2 17th Energy Level
118,100.00 kJ/molNA
Cobalt
52737 122200
7.5.2 18th Energy Level
127,100.00 kJ/molNA
Nickel
58570 134810
7.5.4 19th Energy Level
138,600.00 kJ/molNA
Copper
64702 148700
7.5.6 20th Energy Level
148,500.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
7.5.7 21st Energy Level
158,600.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
7.5.9 22nd Energy Level
172,500.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
7.5.11 23rd Energy Level
181,380.00 kJ/molNA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
7.5.12 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
7.5.14 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
7.5.16 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
7.5.18 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
7.5.21 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
7.5.23 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
7.5.25 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
7.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.29 g/amp-hr1.96 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
7.7 Electron Work Function
4.10 eV3.10 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
7.8 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
2564
Lithium
3 117
8.2 Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2
8.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
8.3.1 Crystal Lattice
8.4 Atom
8.4.1 Number of Protons
2564
Lithium
3 117
8.4.3 Number of Neutrons
3093
Lithium
4 184
8.4.6 Number of Electrons
2564
Lithium
3 117
8.5 Radius of an Atom
8.5.1 Atomic Radius
127.00 pm180.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
8.5.4 Covalent Radius
139.00 pm196.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
8.5.6 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm237.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
8.6 Atomic Weight
54.94 amu47.87 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
8.7 Atomic Volume
1.39 cm3/mol19.90 cm3/mol
Palladium
1.39 71.07
8.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
8.8.1 Previous Element
8.8.2 Next Element
8.9 Valence Electron Potential
220.00 (-eV)46.10 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
8.10 Lattice Constant
891.25 pm363.60 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
8.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
8.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
NA1.59
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
9 Mechanical
9.1 Density
9.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.21 g/cm37.90 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
9.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
5.95 g/cm37.40 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
10.2 Tensile Strength
NANA
Indium
2.5 11000
10.6 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
10.7 Vapor Pressure
10.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
10.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
NA7.39 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
10.8 Elasticity properties
10.8.1 Shear Modulus
NA21.80 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
10.9.2 Bulk Modulus
120.00 GPa37.90 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
10.9.4 Young's Modulus
198.00 GPa54.80 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
10.10 Poisson Ratio
NA0.26
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
10.12 Other Mechanical Properties
NA
Ductile, Malleable
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
7.217.90
Lithium
0.53 4500
11.2.1 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Ferromagnetic
11.2.2 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
11.4.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
11.5 Electrical Properties
11.5.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
11.5.2 Resistivity
1.44 nΩ·m1.31 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
11.8.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
12.1.2 Electron Affinity
0.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.48 J/(kg K)0.23 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
13.3 Molar Heat Capacity
26.32 J/mol·K37.03 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
13.5 Thermal Conductivity
7.81 W/m·K10.60 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
13.7 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
13.8 Thermal Expansion
21.70 µm/(m·K)9.40 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
13.10 Enthalpy
13.10.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
219.70 kJ/mol359.40 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
13.10.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
14.64 kJ/mol10.05 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
13.10.5 Enthalpy of Atomization
280.30 kJ/mol352.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
13.12 Standard Molar Entropy
32.00 J/mol.K68.10 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1