1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
2.3 Block
2.4 Element Family
2.5 CAS Number
74400087440100
7429905
54386242
2.6 Space Group Name
2.7 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Neodymium is not found free in nature, hence it is not a native metal.
- Neodymium metal found in minerals like Monazite and Bastnaesite.
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
4.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Carl Auer von Welsbach
Not Available
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
1 * 10-6 %2 * 10-7 %
5E-09
0.11
4.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000003 %~0.0000001 %
1E-08
0.1
4.7.2 Abundance In Meteorites
4.7.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.7.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.7.7 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Neodymium-Iron-boron alloy is used to make permanent magnets.
- It is used in microphones, Mp3 player, loudspeakers, mobile phones, etc.
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
Chemical Industry
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
Non Toxic
Moderately Toxic
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.3 In Blood
5.3.2 In Bone
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
1,010.00 °C935.00 °C
27
3410
7.3 Boiling Point
3,127.00 °C3,130.00 °C
147
5660
7.5 Appearance
7.5.1 Physical State
7.5.2 Color
Silvery White
Grayish White
7.5.3 Luster
7.6 Hardness
7.6.1 Mohs Hardness
7.6.3 Brinell Hardness
265.00 MPa481.00 MPa
0.14
3490
7.6.6 Vickers Hardness
345.00 MPa400.00 MPa
121
3430
7.7 Speed of Sound
2,330.00 m/s2,280.00 m/s
818
16200
7.8 Optical Properties
7.8.1 Refractive Index
7.9.2 Reflectivity
7.11 Allotropes
7.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
8.4 Electropositivity
8.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.5 Ionization Energies
8.5.1 1st Energy Level
533.10 kJ/mol527.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,040.00 kJ/mol1,020.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.5.4 3rd Energy Level
2,130.00 kJ/mol2,086.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.5.6 4th Energy Level
3,900.00 kJ/mol3,761.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.5.8 5th Energy Level
NA5,551.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.5.10 6th Energy Level
8.5.12 7th Energy level
8.5.14 8th Energy Level
8.5.16 9th Energy Level
8.5.18 10th Energy Level
8.5.20 11th Energy Level
8.5.22 12th Energy Level
8.5.24 13th Energy Level
8.5.27 14th Energy Level
8.5.30 15th Energy Level
8.5.32 16th Energy Level
8.5.34 17th Energy Level
8.5.36 18th Energy Level
8.5.39 19th Energy Level
8.5.41 20th Energy Level
8.6.1 21st Energy Level
8.6.2 22nd Energy Level
8.7.1 23rd Energy Level
8.7.2 24th Energy Level
9.1.1 25th Energy Level
9.1.2 26th Energy Level
9.4.2 27th Energy Level
9.4.3 28th Energy Level
9.4.5 29th Energy Level
9.4.6 30th Energy Level
9.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.79 g/amp-hr1.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.7 Electron Work Function
9.8 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Flammable, Ionization
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f4 6s2
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.5.1 Number of Neutrons
10.6.1 Number of Electrons
10.9 Radius of an Atom
10.9.1 Atomic Radius
181.00 pm182.00 pm
112
265
10.10.1 Covalent Radius
201.00 pm203.00 pm
96
260
10.10.2 Van der Waals Radius
229.00 pm239.00 pm
139
348
11.2 Atomic Weight
144.24 amu140.91 amu
6.94
294
11.3 Atomic Volume
20.60 cm3/mol20.80 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
11.4 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
11.4.1 Previous Element
11.4.2 Next Element
11.5 Valence Electron Potential
43.40 (-eV)42.64 (-eV)
8
392.42
11.8 Lattice Constant
365.80 pm367.25 pm
228.58
891.25
11.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
11.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
12 Mechanical
12.1 Density
12.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.01 g/cm36.77 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
12.2.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.89 g/cm36.50 g/cm3
0.512
20
12.3 Tensile Strength
12.4 Viscosity
12.5 Vapor Pressure
12.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
12.6.1 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
101.00 (Pa)13.20 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
12.7 Elasticity properties
12.7.1 Shear Modulus
16.30 GPa14.80 GPa
1.3
222
13.1.4 Bulk Modulus
31.80 GPa28.80 GPa
1.6
462
13.1.6 Young's Modulus
41.40 GPa37.30 GPa
1.7
528
13.3 Poisson Ratio
13.4 Other Mechanical Properties
14 Magnetic
14.1 Magnetic Characteristics
14.1.1 Specific Gravity
14.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
14.1.4 Permeability
14.1.5 Susceptibility
15.2 Electrical Properties
15.2.1 Electrical Property
15.2.2 Resistivity
643.00 nΩ·m0.70 nΩ·m
0.18
961
15.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω0.01 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
15.4.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
16 Thermal
16.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.19 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
16.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.45 J/mol·K27.20 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
16.4 Thermal Conductivity
16.50 W/m·K12.50 W/m·K
6.3
429
16.5 Critical Temperature
16.6 Thermal Expansion
9.60 µm/(m·K)6.70 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
16.8 Enthalpy
16.8.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
273.00 kJ/mol296.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
16.8.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.14 kJ/mol6.89 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
16.8.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
322.00 kJ/mol368.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
16.9 Standard Molar Entropy
71.50 J/mol.K73.20 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1