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Neptunium vs Molybdenum

Neptunium
Molybdenum
Molybdenum vs Neptunium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Np  
Mo  
Group Number
3  
15
6  
12
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7439998  
99+
7439987  
99+
Space Group Name
Pnma  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
62.00  
14
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
Neptunium was the first transuranium element to be discovered.  
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
  
Sources
Made by Bombarding Uranium with Neutrons, Ores of metals  
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Edwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson  
Carl Wilhelm Scheele  
Discovery
In 1940  
In 1778  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
20
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
26
0.00 %  
19
Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
39
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
9
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
17
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Currently known uses of Neptunium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  • Neptunium’s isotope neptunium-237 is used as a neutron detectors.
  
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
  
Industrial Uses
-  
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys, Nuclear Research, Research Purposes  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
31
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
Physical
Melting Point
640.00 °C  
99+
2,617.00 °C  
5
Boiling Point
3,902.00 °C  
13
4,612.00 °C  
9
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
Gray  
Luster
Metallic  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
6.00  
6
5.50  
7
Brinell Hardness
622.00 MPa  
23
1,370.00 MPa  
7
Vickers Hardness
640.00 MPa  
23
1,400.00 MPa  
11
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
5,400.00 m/s  
9
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.30  
99+
2.00  
15
Reflectivity
64.00 %  
19
58.00 %  
25
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Np  
Mo  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
25  
14
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.36  
30
2.16  
6
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.36  
23
1.15  
34
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.36  
31
2.16  
7
Allen Electronegativity
1.36  
37
2.16  
3
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.64  
25
1.84  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
684.30 kJ/mol  
37
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,560.00 kJ/mol  
38
3rd Energy Level
1,997.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,618.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
3,242.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,480.00 kJ/mol  
36
5th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,257.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
5,785.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,640.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,125.00 kJ/mol  
13
8th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13,860.00 kJ/mol  
16
9th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15,835.00 kJ/mol  
16
10th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17,980.00 kJ/mol  
18
11th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
99+
20,190.00 kJ/mol  
17
12th Energy Level
61,800.00 kJ/mol  
13
22,219.00 kJ/mol  
38
13th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
40
26,930.00 kJ/mol  
13
14th Energy Level
6,180.00 kJ/mol  
29
29,196.00 kJ/mol  
13
15th Energy Level
60,600.00 kJ/mol  
99+
52,490.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
60,420.00 kJ/mol  
31
55,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
61,400.00 kJ/mol  
9
18th Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
67,700.00 kJ/mol  
9
19th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
74,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
20th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
10
21st Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
17
87,000.00 kJ/mol  
9
22nd Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
40
93,400.00 kJ/mol  
7
23rd Energy Level
6,040.00 kJ/mol  
18
98,420.00 kJ/mol  
6
24th Energy Level
604.50 kJ/mol  
99+
104,400.00 kJ/mol  
2
25th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,900.00 kJ/mol  
1
26th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
127,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
27th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
133,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
28th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
139,800.00 kJ/mol  
1
29th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
148,100.00 kJ/mol  
1
30th Energy Level
604.00 kJ/mol  
99+
154,500.00 kJ/mol  
1
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.77 g/amp-hr  
99+
0.89 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV  
12
4.60 eV  
17
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity, Solubility  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
93  
25
42  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2  
[Kr] 4d5 5s1  
Crystal Structure
Orthorhombic (ORTH)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
ORTH-Crystal-Structure-of-Neptunium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
93  
25
42  
99+
Number of Neutrons
144  
15
54  
99+
Number of Electrons
93  
25
42  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
155.00 pm  
32
139.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
190.00 pm  
18
154.00 pm  
34
Van der Waals Radius
221.00 pm  
27
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
237.00 amu  
22
95.95 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
11.62 cm3/mol  
99+
9.40 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Uranium
  
Niobium
  
Next Element
Plutonium
  
Technetium
  
Valence Electron Potential
96.00 (-eV)  
9
88.60 (-eV)  
13
Lattice Constant
666.30 pm  
3
314.70 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.43  
99+
1.03  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.38 g/cm3  
14
10.28 g/cm3  
39
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
20.25 g/cm3  
10
9.33 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
125.00 MPa  
26
324.00 MPa  
15
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
5
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
22
0.00 (Pa)  
22
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.11 (Pa)  
17
0.00 (Pa)  
27
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
5.60 GPa  
99+
126.00 GPa  
8
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
230.00 GPa  
6
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa  
99+
329.00 GPa  
6
Poisson Ratio
0.26  
22
0.31  
13
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
Ductile, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
20.25  
15
10.22  
40
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
6
0.00 H/m  
9
Susceptibility
0.00  
24
0.00  
29
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
Semiconductor  
Resistivity
1.22 nΩ·m  
99+
53.40 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.19 106/cm Ω  
11
Electron Affinity
118.60 kJ/mol  
6
71.90 kJ/mol  
16
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K)  
99+
0.25 J/(kg K)  
21
Molar Heat Capacity
29.46 J/mol·K  
10
24.06 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.30 W/m·K  
99+
138.00 W/m·K  
12
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
2,896.00 K  
6
Thermal Expansion
13.30 µm/(m·K)  
35
4.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
336.00 kJ/mol  
39
594.10 kJ/mol  
9
Enthalpy of Fusion
3.20 kJ/mol  
99+
27.61 kJ/mol  
5
Enthalpy of Atomization
275.30 kJ/mol  
99+
653.00 kJ/mol  
7
Standard Molar Entropy
64.00 J/mol.K  
21
28.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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