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Nickel vs Seaborgium

Nickel
Seaborgium
Seaborgium vs Nickel


Periodic Table
Symbol
Ni  
Sg  
Group Number
10  
8
6  
12
Period Number
4  
7  
Block
d block  
d block  
Element Family
Transition Metal  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440020  
99+
54038812  
9
Space Group Name
Fm_ 3m  
-  
Space Group Number
225.00  
3
166.00  
9
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Zinc metal found (obtain) in many forms like granules, foil, dust and in a powder form.
  • After iron, Zinc metal the second most abundant element in the earth crust.
  
  • Seaborgium most stable isotope is Sg and it has 2.1 min of half- life.
  • And other isotopes of Seaborgium have half-lives as short as 3 ms.
  
Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
Synthetically Produced  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Axel Fredrik Cronstedt  
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory  
Discovery
In 1751  
In 1974  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.01 %  
5
0.00 %  
40
Abundance In Sun
0.01 %  
3
-  
Abundance In Meteorites
1.30 %  
3
-  
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.01 %  
15
-  
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %  
13
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
17
-  
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • It has corrosion resistance and hence it is used to plate other metals.
  • Its alloys are very useful; Nichrome alloy is used in the hot coil of toasters and electric oven.
  
  • Currently known uses of Seaborgium metal are limited to research purpose only.
  
Industrial Uses
Automobile Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry  
-  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Research Purposes  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
-  
Present in Human Body
Yes  
No  
In Blood
0.05 Blood/mg dm-3  
17
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
27
In Bone
0.70 p.p.m.  
20
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
1,453.00 °C  
31
-  
Boiling Point
2,732.00 °C  
40
0.00 °C  
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silver  
-  
Luster
Metallic  
Unknown Luster  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.00  
6
Brinell Hardness
667.00 MPa  
20
400.00 MPa  
34
Vickers Hardness
638.00 MPa  
24
520.00 MPa  
33
Speed of Sound
4,900.00 m/s  
16
3,200.00 m/s  
35
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.68  
28
1.30  
99+
Reflectivity
72.00 %  
11
68.00 %  
15
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Ni  
Sg  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
25  
14
9  
29
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.91  
11
0.00  
99+
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.94  
12
1.90  
13
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.75  
4
1.30  
25
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.91  
12
1.30  
33
Allen Electronegativity
1.88  
9
1.90  
8
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.09  
99+
2.20  
39
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
25
757.40 kJ/mol  
21
2nd Energy Level
1,753.00 kJ/mol  
26
1,732.90 kJ/mol  
29
3rd Energy Level
3,395.00 kJ/mol  
17
2,483.50 kJ/mol  
99+
4th Energy Level
5,300.00 kJ/mol  
24
3,415.60 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
7,339.00 kJ/mol  
23
4,561.80 kJ/mol  
99+
6th Energy Level
10,400.00 kJ/mol  
15
5,715.80 kJ/mol  
99+
7th Energy level
12,800.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8th Energy Level
15,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
9th Energy Level
18,600.00 kJ/mol  
10
5,710.00 kJ/mol  
99+
10th Energy Level
21,670.00 kJ/mol  
14
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11th Energy Level
30,970.00 kJ/mol  
7
6,600.00 kJ/mol  
39
12th Energy Level
34,000.00 kJ/mol  
29
971.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
37,100.00 kJ/mol  
7
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
41,500.00 kJ/mol  
8
5,700.00 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
44,800.00 kJ/mol  
99+
54,000.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16th Energy Level
48,100.00 kJ/mol  
99+
64,000.00 kJ/mol  
27
17th Energy Level
55,101.00 kJ/mol  
11
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
18th Energy Level
58,570.00 kJ/mol  
12
3,300.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19th Energy Level
148,700.00 kJ/mol  
1
579.80 kJ/mol  
99+
20th Energy Level
159,000.00 kJ/mol  
3
579.00 kJ/mol  
99+
21st Energy Level
169,400.00 kJ/mol  
3
6,270.00 kJ/mol  
14
22nd Energy Level
182,700.00 kJ/mol  
2
573.00 kJ/mol  
99+
23rd Energy Level
194,000.00 kJ/mol  
2
5,790.00 kJ/mol  
22
24th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
971.00 kJ/mol  
4
25th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
26th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
21
579.10 kJ/mol  
99+
27th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
20
870.00 kJ/mol  
7
28th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
26
870.00 kJ/mol  
10
29th Energy Level
737.10 kJ/mol  
27
761.90 kJ/mol  
21
30th Energy Level
737.00 kJ/mol  
21
0.00 kJ/mol  
99+
Electrochemical Equivalent
1.10 g/amp-hr  
99+
3.20 g/amp-hr  
14
Electron Work Function
5.15 eV  
6
6.00 eV  
1
Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
-  
Atomic
Atomic Number
28  
99+
106  
12
Electron Configuration
[Ar] 3d8 4s2 Or [Ar] 3d9 4s1  
[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2  
Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Nickel.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
28  
99+
106  
12
Number of Neutrons
31  
99+
157  
8
Number of Electrons
28  
99+
106  
12
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
132.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
124.00 pm  
99+
143.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
163.00 pm  
99+
230.00 pm  
24
Atomic Weight
58.69 amu  
99+
269.00 amu  
9
Atomic Volume
6.59 cm3/mol  
99+
35.00 cm3/mol  
8
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Cobalt
  
Dubnium
  
Next Element
Copper
  
Bohrium
  
Valence Electron Potential
42.00 (-eV)  
99+
6.10 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
352.40 pm  
99+
-  
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2  
-  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.86  
4
1.36  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
8.91 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
7.81 g/cm3  
99+
35.00 g/cm3  
4
Tensile Strength
345.00 MPa  
13
30.00 MPa  
99+
Viscosity
0.00  
8
0.00  
25
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
33
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
19.50 (Pa)  
6
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
76.00 GPa  
12
30.00 GPa  
27
Bulk Modulus
180.00 GPa  
9
0.00 GPa  
99+
Young's Modulus
200.00 GPa  
12
12.60 GPa  
99+
Poisson Ratio
0.31  
13
0.25  
24
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile  
-  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
8.90  
99+
35.00  
6
Magnetic Ordering
Ferromagnetic  
-  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
2
0.00 H/m  
7
Susceptibility
600.00  
2
0.00  
24
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Conductor  
-  
Resistivity
69.30 nΩ·m  
39
0.38 nΩ·m  
99+
Electrical Conductivity
0.14 106/cm Ω  
14
0.00 106/cm Ω  
99+
Electron Affinity
112.00 kJ/mol  
7
50.00 kJ/mol  
26
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.44 J/(kg K)  
13
0.27 J/(kg K)  
19
Molar Heat Capacity
26.07 J/mol·K  
39
35.00 J/mol·K  
5
Thermal Conductivity
90.90 W/m·K  
18
0.14 W/m·K  
99+
Critical Temperature
1,728.00 K  
35
1,200.00 K  
99+
Thermal Expansion
13.40 µm/(m·K)  
34
11.00 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
371.80 kJ/mol  
29
585.00 kJ/mol  
10
Enthalpy of Fusion
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
-  
Enthalpy of Atomization
422.60 kJ/mol  
22
650.00 kJ/mol  
8
Standard Molar Entropy
29.90 J/mol.K  
99+
42.70 J/mol.K  
99+
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