1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.7 Block
1.8 Element Family
Transition Metal
Probably Post-Transition
1.9 CAS Number
744003154101143
7429905
54386242
3.2 Space Group Name
3.3 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
Not Available
4.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Synthetically Produced
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.4.5 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
4.5.10 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.5.13 Abundance In Oceans
4.6.5 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Currently known uses of Ununseptium metal are limited to research purpose only.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
5.1.2 Medical Uses
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.3 Present in Human Body
5.2.4 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3NA
0
1970
6.1.4 In Bone
7 Physical
7.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C400.00 °C
27
3410
7.4 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C610.00 °C
147
5660
7.8 Appearance
7.8.1 Physical State
7.8.2 Color
7.8.4 Luster
7.9 Hardness
7.9.1 Mohs Hardness
7.11.2 Brinell Hardness
8.2.4 Vickers Hardness
8.3 Speed of Sound
8.6 Optical Properties
8.6.1 Refractive Index
8.8.1 Reflectivity
8.10 Allotropes
8.10.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.10.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
9.6 Electronegativity
9.6.1 Pauling Electronegativity
9.8.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.1.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.1.3 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.4.2 Allen Electronegativity
10.6 Electropositivity
10.6.1 Pauling Electropositivity
11.2 Ionization Energies
11.2.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol742.90 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
11.2.4 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol1,785.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
11.3.2 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/molNA
1600
34230
11.4.4 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/molNA
2780
37066
11.4.7 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.5.1 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.5.2 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
12.2.1 8th Energy Level
12.3.1 9th Energy Level
12.6.1 10th Energy Level
12.8.1 11th Energy Level
12.10.1 12th Energy Level
13.1.2 13th Energy Level
13.2.3 14th Energy Level
13.3.1 15th Energy Level
13.4.1 16th Energy Level
13.5.2 17th Energy Level
13.6.1 18th Energy Level
13.6.3 19th Energy Level
13.7.2 20th Energy Level
13.7.3 21st Energy Level
13.7.5 22nd Energy Level
13.7.6 23rd Energy Level
13.7.7 24th Energy Level
13.7.9 25th Energy Level
13.8.1 26th Energy Level
13.8.2 27th Energy Level
14.1.2 28th Energy Level
14.1.3 29th Energy Level
14.1.6 30th Energy Level
14.2 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hrNA
0.16812
8.3209
14.4 Electron Work Function
14.5 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Chemical Stability, Ionization
15 Atomic
15.1 Atomic Number
15.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5
15.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Not Known
15.3.1 Crystal Lattice
15.4 Atom
15.4.1 Number of Protons
15.4.3 Number of Neutrons
16.1.1 Number of Electrons
16.3 Radius of an Atom
16.3.1 Atomic Radius
16.3.2 Covalent Radius
16.4.1 Van der Waals Radius
16.6 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu294.00 amu
6.94
294
16.7 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
16.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
16.9.1 Previous Element
16.9.2 Next Element
16.10 Valence Electron Potential
16.12 Lattice Constant
330.04 pmNA
228.58
891.25
16.13 Lattice Angles
16.14 Lattice C/A Ratio
17 Mechanical
17.1 Density
17.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm37.10 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
17.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
17.3 Tensile Strength
17.4 Viscosity
17.5 Vapor Pressure
17.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
17.5.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
17.6 Elasticity properties
17.6.1 Shear Modulus
17.6.2 Bulk Modulus
17.6.3 Young's Modulus
17.7 Poisson Ratio
17.8 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
18 Magnetic
18.1 Magnetic Characteristics
18.1.1 Specific Gravity
18.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
18.1.3 Permeability
18.1.4 Susceptibility
18.2 Electrical Properties
18.2.1 Electrical Property
18.2.2 Resistivity
18.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
18.2.4 Electron Affinity
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
19.3 Thermal Conductivity
19.4 Critical Temperature
19.5 Thermal Expansion
19.6 Enthalpy
19.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
19.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
19.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
19.7 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1