1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
2.2 Period Number
2.6 Block
2.7 Element Family
Transition Metal
Actinide
2.8 CAS Number
74400317440519
7429905
54386242
2.9 Space Group Name
2.10 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
- Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
- Curium metal does not occur free in nature.
- Curium metal is a synthetically produced metal.
3.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Plutonium with Helium Ions
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Glenn T. Seaborg, Ralph A. James, Albert Ghiorso
3.3.2 Discovery
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
3.5.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000004 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
3.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.1 Abundance In Oceans
3.7.2 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
- It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
- Curium metal is used to provide power to electrical equipment for space missions.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
0.01 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.3.1 In Bone
0.07 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
2,468.00 °C1,340.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
2,468.00 °C3,110.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.6.1 Brinell Hardness
6.7.2 Vickers Hardness
6.8 Speed of Sound
6.10 Optical Properties
6.10.1 Refractive Index
6.10.3 Reflectivity
6.11 Allotropes
6.11.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
6.11.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7 Chemical
7.1 Chemical Formula
7.2 Isotopes
7.2.1 Known Isotopes
7.3 Electronegativity
7.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
7.4.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.1.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.1.5 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.2.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.3 Electropositivity
8.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.4 Ionization Energies
8.4.1 1st Energy Level
652.10 kJ/mol581.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.4.3 2nd Energy Level
1,380.00 kJ/mol1,196.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.4.4 3rd Energy Level
2,416.00 kJ/mol2,026.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
9.1.1 4th Energy Level
3,700.00 kJ/mol3,550.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
9.2.1 5th Energy Level
4,877.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
9.3.1 6th Energy Level
9,847.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
9.4.1 7th Energy level
12,100.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
9.5.1 8th Energy Level
9.5.2 9th Energy Level
9.6.2 10th Energy Level
9.6.4 11th Energy Level
9.6.6 12th Energy Level
9.6.7 13th Energy Level
9.7.1 14th Energy Level
9.7.2 15th Energy Level
9.7.3 16th Energy Level
9.7.4 17th Energy Level
9.7.5 18th Energy Level
9.7.6 19th Energy Level
9.7.7 20th Energy Level
9.7.8 21st Energy Level
9.7.9 22nd Energy Level
9.7.10 23rd Energy Level
9.7.11 24th Energy Level
9.7.12 25th Energy Level
9.7.13 26th Energy Level
9.7.14 27th Energy Level
9.7.15 28th Energy Level
9.7.16 29th Energy Level
9.7.17 30th Energy Level
9.8 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.69 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
9.9 Electron Work Function
9.10 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
10 Atomic
10.1 Atomic Number
10.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2
10.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
10.3.1 Crystal Lattice
10.4 Atom
10.4.1 Number of Protons
10.4.2 Number of Neutrons
10.4.3 Number of Electrons
10.5 Radius of an Atom
10.5.1 Atomic Radius
146.00 pm174.00 pm
112
265
10.5.2 Covalent Radius
164.00 pm169.00 pm
96
260
10.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.6 Atomic Weight
92.91 amu247.00 amu
6.94
294
10.7 Atomic Volume
10.87 cm3/mol18.28 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.8.1 Previous Element
10.8.2 Next Element
10.9 Valence Electron Potential
104.00 (-eV)44.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.10 Lattice Constant
330.04 pmNA
228.58
891.25
10.11 Lattice Angles
10.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
8.57 g/cm313.51 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.2 Tensile Strength
11.3 Viscosity
11.4 Vapor Pressure
11.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.5 Elasticity properties
11.5.1 Shear Modulus
11.5.2 Bulk Modulus
11.5.3 Young's Modulus
11.6 Poisson Ratio
11.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Unknown
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
152.00 nΩ·m1.25 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.07 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
24.60 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
696.60 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
27.20 kJ/mol15.00 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy
36.40 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1