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Niobium
Niobium

Promethium
Promethium



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Niobium
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Niobium vs Promethium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Nb
Pm
1.2 Group Number
Tennessine
5
Rank: 13 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gadolinium
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1.3 Period Number
Uranium
5
Rank: 3 (Overall)
6
Rank: 2 (Overall)
Lithium
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1.4 Block
d block
f block
1.5 Element Family
Transition Metal
Lanthanide
1.6 CAS Number
Roentgenium
7440031
Rank: 76 (Overall)
7440122
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Aluminium
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1.7 Space Group Name
Im_ 3m
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
Sodium
229.00
Rank: 1 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
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2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  • Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
  • Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
2.2 Sources
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Charles Hatchett
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1801
In 1942
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
Iron
2 * 10-7 %
Rank: 22 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thallium
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2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
Iron
~0.0000004 %
Rank: 23 (Overall)
~-9999 %
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
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2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
Iron
0.00 %
Rank: 35 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gold
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2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
Aluminium
0.00 %
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
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2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
Sodium
0.00 %
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Protactinium
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2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
Calcium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Radium
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3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  • It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
  • Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
NA
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
NA
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Low Toxic
Non Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
60% Transition Metals Metals have it !
27% Lanthanide Series Metals have it !
3.2.3 In Blood
Sodium
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 25 (Overall)
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Rank: 37 (Overall)
Plutonium
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3.2.4 In Bone
Calcium
0.07 p.p.m.
Rank: 25 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
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4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
Tungsten
2,468.00 °C
Rank: 6 (Overall)
1,042.00 °C
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Francium
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4.2 Boiling Point
Tungsten
2,468.00 °C
Rank: 45 (Overall)
3,000.00 °C
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Flerovium
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4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Gray
Unknown
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
Chromium
6.00
Rank: 6 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
Osmium
735.00 MPa
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
Tungsten
870.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Palladium
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4.5 Speed of Sound
Technetium
3,480.00 m/s
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Thallium
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4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
Palladium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
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4.6.2 Reflectivity
Silver
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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4.7 Allotropes
6% Transition Metals Metals have it !
No Lanthanide Series Metals has it !
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Nb
Pm
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
Palladium
17
Rank: 22 (Overall)
27
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Tennessine
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5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
Gold
1.60
Rank: 23 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Francium
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5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
Cobalt
1.42
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
Gallium
1.23
Rank: 25 (Overall)
1.07
Rank: 32 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
Polonium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
Berkelium
1.41
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
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5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
Francium
2.40
Rank: 31 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Gold
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5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
Chromium
652.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 41 (Overall)
540.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 73 (Overall)
Cesium
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5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
Chromium
1,380.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
1,050.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 78 (Overall)
Ruthenium
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5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
Chromium
2,416.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 50 (Overall)
2,150.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 67 (Overall)
Osmium
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5.5.4 4th Energy Level
Chromium
3,700.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 49 (Overall)
3,970.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Thorium
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5.5.5 5th Energy Level
Chromium
4,877.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Dubnium
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5.5.6 6th Energy Level
Chromium
9,847.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 11 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Seaborgium
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5.5.7 7th Energy level
Chromium
12,100.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 14 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bohrium
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5.5.8 8th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Hassium
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5.5.9 9th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
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5.5.10 10th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Strontium
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5.5.11 11th Energy Level
Magnesium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Yttrium
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5.5.12 12th Energy Level
Magnesium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.13 13th Energy Level
Titanium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.14 14th Energy Level
Vanadium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.15 15th Energy Level
Chromium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Manganese
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5.5.16 16th Energy Level
Manganese
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Iron
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5.5.17 17th Energy Level
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cobalt
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5.5.18 18th Energy Level
Cobalt
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Nickel
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5.5.19 19th Energy Level
Nickel
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Copper
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5.5.20 20th Energy Level
Zinc
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.21 21st Energy Level
Zinc
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
Copper
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
Copper
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.24 24th Energy Level
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
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5.5.25 25th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
Molybdenum
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Molybdenum
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
Francium
0.69 g/amp-hr
Rank: 66 (Overall)
1.80 g/amp-hr
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Beryllium
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5.7 Electron Work Function
Platinum
4.30 eV
Rank: 18 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cesium
ADD ⊕
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
Tennessine
41
Rank: 71 (Overall)
61
Rank: 55 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.2 Electron Configuration
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
6.3 Crystal Structure
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
Tennessine
41
Rank: 70 (Overall)
61
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
Flerovium
52
Rank: 53 (Overall)
84
Rank: 40 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.4.3 Number of Electrons
Tennessine
41
Rank: 70 (Overall)
61
Rank: 54 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
Cesium
146.00 pm
Rank: 35 (Overall)
183.00 pm
Rank: 10 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.5.2 Covalent Radius
Francium
164.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
199.00 pm
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
Francium
200.00 pm
Rank: 28 (Overall)
236.00 pm
Rank: 16 (Overall)
Zinc
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6.6 Atomic Weight
Tennessine
92.91 amu
Rank: 65 (Overall)
145.00 amu
Rank: 49 (Overall)
Lithium
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6.7 Atomic Volume
Cesium
10.87 cm3/mol
Rank: 45 (Overall)
22.39 cm3/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Manganese
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6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
Platinum
104.00 (-eV)
Rank: 8 (Overall)
44.10 (-eV)
Rank: 39 (Overall)
Francium
ADD ⊕
6.10 Lattice Constant
Manganese
330.04 pm
Rank: 51 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
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6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Unknown
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
Cadmium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
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7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
Hassium
8.57 g/cm3
Rank: 48 (Overall)
7.26 g/cm3
Rank: 56 (Overall)
Lithium
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7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
Osmium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Lithium
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7.2 Tensile Strength
Iron
330.00 MPa
Rank: 12 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Indium
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7.3 Viscosity
Mercury
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Mercury
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
Strontium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Cerium
ADD ⊕
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
Chromium
0.00 (Pa)
Rank: 27 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Tungsten
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7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
Osmium
38.00 GPa
Rank: 19 (Overall)
18.00 GPa
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Potassium
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7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
Osmium
170.00 GPa
Rank: 10 (Overall)
33.00 GPa
Rank: 36 (Overall)
Cesium
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7.5.3 Young's Modulus
Iridium
105.00 GPa
Rank: 20 (Overall)
46.00 GPa
Rank: 38 (Overall)
Cesium
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7.6 Poisson Ratio
Gallium
0.40
Rank: 4 (Overall)
0.28
Rank: 17 (Overall)
Beryllium
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7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
NA
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
Cobalt
8.57
Rank: 37 (Overall)
7.26
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Lithium
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8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
ADD ⊕
8.1.4 Susceptibility
Iron
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Bismuth
ADD ⊕
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
Mercury
152.00 nΩ·m
Rank: 23 (Overall)
0.75 nΩ·m
Rank: 64 (Overall)
Thallium
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8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
Silver
0.07 106/cm Ω
Rank: 28 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Plutonium
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8.2.4 Electron Affinity
Gold
86.10 kJ/mol
Rank: 12 (Overall)
50.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 21 (Overall)
Mercury
ADD ⊕
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
Lithium
0.26 J/(kg K)
Rank: 20 (Overall)
0.18 J/(kg K)
Rank: 33 (Overall)
Americium
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9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
Americium
24.60 J/mol·K
Rank: 50 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
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9.3 Thermal Conductivity
Silver
53.70 W/m·K
Rank: 29 (Overall)
17.90 W/m·K
Rank: 47 (Overall)
Neptunium
ADD ⊕
9.4 Critical Temperature
Lithium
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Ytterbium
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9.5 Thermal Expansion
Cesium
7.30 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 48 (Overall)
9.00 µm/(m·K)
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Tungsten
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9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
Tungsten
696.60 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Zinc
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9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
Tungsten
27.20 kJ/mol
Rank: 6 (Overall)
7.50 kJ/mol
Rank: 43 (Overall)
Cesium
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9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
Tungsten
745.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 4 (Overall)
310.00 kJ/mol
Rank: 34 (Overall)
Mercury
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9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
Protactinium
36.40 J/mol.K
Rank: 42 (Overall)
Not Available
Rank: N/A (Overall)
Beryllium
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