Symbol
✔
✘
✔
✘
Group Number
32
0
17
👆🏻
Period Number
74
2
7
👆🏻
Block
f block
s block
Element Family
Actinide
Alkaline Earth
CAS Number
100281457440702
7429905
54386242
👆🏻
Space Group Name
-
Fm_ 3m
Space Group Number
194.00225.00
11
276
👆🏻
Interesting Facts
- The most stable isotope of Nobelium metal is No-259.
- No-259 has a half-life of fifty-eight minutes.
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
Sources
Bombarding Curium-246 or Curium-249 with Carbon-12 Nuclei, Found in Minerals, Mining
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
History
Who Discovered
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
Humphry Davy
Discovery
In 1966
In 1808
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
-0.01 %
0
0.11
👆🏻
Abundance In Sun
-0.01 %
0
0.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Meteorites
-1.10 %
0
22
👆🏻
Abundance In Earth's Crust
-5.00 %
1E-37
8.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Oceans
-0.00 %
0
1.1
👆🏻
Abundance In Humans
-1.40 %
0
1.4
👆🏻
Uses & Benefits
- Currently known uses of Nobelium metal are limited to research purpose only.
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
Industrial Uses
-
Chemical Industry
Medical Uses
-
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
Other Uses
Research Purposes
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
-
Non Toxic
Present in Human Body
✔
✘
✔
✘
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-360.50 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
👆🏻
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.170,000.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
👆🏻
Melting Point
827.00 °C839.00 °C
-38.83
3410
👆🏻
Boiling Point
2,600.00 °C1,484.00 °C
0
5660
👆🏻
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Solid
Color
-
Gray
Luster
Unknown Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
-1.75
0.2
8.5
👆🏻
Brinell Hardness
500.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0.14
3490
👆🏻
Vickers Hardness
500.00 MPa170.00 MPa
0
3920
👆🏻
Speed of Sound
1,100.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s
818
16200
👆🏻
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
1.301.54
0.155
3.41
👆🏻
Reflectivity
61.00 %60.00 %
5
97
👆🏻
Allotropes
✔
✘
✔
✘
α Allotropes
-
-
β Allotropes
-
-
γ Allotropes
-
-
Chemical Formula
✔
✘
✔
✘
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
1319
0
38
👆🏻
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
1.301.00
0
2.6
👆🏻
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.300.95
0.22
2.56
👆🏻
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.201.04
0.86
1.9
👆🏻
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.301.08
0.62
2.48
👆🏻
Allen Electronegativity
1.101.03
0.659
2.7
👆🏻
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.703.00
1.46
3.3
👆🏻
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
642.00 kJ/mol589.80 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
👆🏻
2nd Energy Level
1,254.00 kJ/mol1,145.40 kJ/mol
392.8
28750
👆🏻
3rd Energy Level
2,643.00 kJ/mol4,912.40 kJ/mol
392.8
34230
👆🏻
4th Energy Level
3,956.00 kJ/mol6,491.00 kJ/mol
375.7
37066
👆🏻
5th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol8,153.00 kJ/mol
392
97510
👆🏻
6th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol10,496.00 kJ/mol
1007
105800
👆🏻
7th Energy level
6,270.00 kJ/mol12,270.00 kJ/mol
1007
114300
👆🏻
8th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol14,206.00 kJ/mol
730
125300
👆🏻
9th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol18,191.00 kJ/mol
1007
134700
👆🏻
10th Energy Level
6,270.00 kJ/mol20,385.00 kJ/mol
392
144300
👆🏻
11th Energy Level
6,420.00 kJ/mol57,110.00 kJ/mol
392
169988
👆🏻
12th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol63,410.00 kJ/mol
0
189368
👆🏻
13th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol70,110.00 kJ/mol
1007
76015
👆🏻
14th Energy Level
6,400.00 kJ/mol78,890.00 kJ/mol
380
86450
👆🏻
15th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol86,310.00 kJ/mol
33000
100700
👆🏻
16th Energy Level
64,000.00 kJ/mol94,000.00 kJ/mol
375.7
109480
👆🏻
17th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol104,900.00 kJ/mol
375.7
122200
👆🏻
18th Energy Level
3,500.00 kJ/mol111,711.00 kJ/mol
0
134810
👆🏻
19th Energy Level
627.60 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
375.7
148700
👆🏻
20th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
171200
👆🏻
21st Energy Level
917.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
375.7
179100
👆🏻
22nd Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
330
184900
👆🏻
23rd Energy Level
6,410.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
357.6
198800
👆🏻
24th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
297.3
195200
👆🏻
25th Energy Level
0.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
121900
👆🏻
26th Energy Level
601.20 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
357.6
127700
👆🏻
27th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
0
133800
👆🏻
28th Energy Level
641.60 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
297.3
139800
👆🏻
29th Energy Level
641.00 kJ/mol590.60 kJ/mol
0
148100
👆🏻
30th Energy Level
627.00 kJ/mol590.00 kJ/mol
0
154500
👆🏻
Electrochemical Equivalent
4.83 g/amp-hr0.75 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
👆🏻
Electron Work Function
4.90 eV2.87 eV
2.14
6
👆🏻
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Atomic Number
10220
3
117
👆🏻
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f14 7s2
[Ar] 4s2
Crystal Structure
Not Known
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Crystal Lattice
Atom
Number of Protons
10220
3
117
👆🏻
Number of Neutrons
15720
4
285
👆🏻
Number of Electrons
10220
3
117
👆🏻
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
176.00 pm197.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Covalent Radius
157.00 pm176.00 pm
0
260
👆🏻
Van der Waals Radius
246.00 pm231.00 pm
0
348
👆🏻
Atomic Weight
259.00 amu40.08 amu
6.94
294
👆🏻
Atomic Volume
19.80 cm3/mol29.90 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
👆🏻
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
Next Element
Valence Electron Potential
26.00 (-eV)29.00 (-eV)
0
392.42
👆🏻
Lattice Constant
-558.84 pm
0
891.25
👆🏻
Lattice Angles
-
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.761.55
0.423
1.9
👆🏻
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.90 g/cm31.55 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
👆🏻
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.90 g/cm31.38 g/cm3
0.512
41
👆🏻
Tensile Strength
80.00 MPa20.00 MPa
0.1
11000
👆🏻
Viscosity
0.000.00
1.5E-05
0.0035
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)25.50 (Pa)
0
121
👆🏻
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
0
774
👆🏻
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
27.00 GPa7.40 GPa
1.3
222
👆🏻
Bulk Modulus
8.70 GPa17.00 GPa
0
462
👆🏻
Young's Modulus
12.30 GPa20.00 GPa
0
528
👆🏻
Poisson Ratio
0.300.31
0.032
0.47
👆🏻
Other Mechanical Properties
-
-
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.904.58
0.53
4500
👆🏻
Magnetic Ordering
-
Diamagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m0.00 H/m
1.25643E-06
0.0063
👆🏻
Susceptibility
0.000.00
-0.000166
200000
👆🏻
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
-
Conductor
Resistivity
0.68 nΩ·m33.60 nΩ·m
0.1
961
👆🏻
Electrical Conductivity
0.00 106/cm Ω0.30 106/cm Ω
0
0.63
👆🏻
Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol2.37 kJ/mol
0
222.8
👆🏻
Specific Heat
0.10 J/(kg K)0.63 J/(kg K)
0.1
3.6
👆🏻
Molar Heat Capacity
27.00 J/mol·K25.93 J/mol·K
13.1
62.7
👆🏻
Thermal Conductivity
0.10 W/m·K201.00 W/m·K
0
429
👆🏻
Critical Temperature
1,100.00 K1,115.00 K
26.3
3695
👆🏻
Thermal Expansion
11.00 µm/(m·K)22.30 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
👆🏻
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
-150.00 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Fusion
-8.54 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
👆🏻
Enthalpy of Atomization
390.40 kJ/mol184.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
👆🏻
Standard Molar Entropy
63.00 J/mol.K41.60 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1
👆🏻