1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.4 Period Number
1.8 Block
1.9 Element Family
1.10 CAS Number
74407027440406
7429905
54386242
2.3 Space Group Name
2.4 Space Group Number
4 Facts
4.1 Interesting Facts
- Calcium ranks 5th rank in the list of earth’s abundance Percentage.
- It is found in the compound state.
- Gypsum or calcium sulfate is used as plaster and plaster of paris.
- X-ray Diffraction- different compounds of Berkelium metals are identified using it.
Commercial uses of Berkelium metal are not yet discovered.
4.2 Sources
Earth's crust, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Bombarding Americium with Alpha Particles.
4.3 History
4.3.1 Who Discovered
Humphry Davy
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
4.3.2 Discovery
4.4 Abundance
4.4.1 Abundance In Universe
4.8.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.007 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
4.9.1 Abundance In Meteorites
4.10.2 Abundance In Earth's Crust
4.10.5 Abundance In Oceans
4.12.2 Abundance In Humans
5 Uses
5.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used as a reducing agent while preparing metals like thorium and uranium. It is also used as an alloying agent for metals such as aluminum, copper & lead.
- Calcium carbonate or lime stone is used in cement.
- This metal is very rare and has no commercial uses.
5.1.1 Industrial Uses
5.1.2 Medical Uses
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry
NA
5.1.3 Other Uses
5.2 Biological Properties
5.2.1 Toxicity
5.2.2 Present in Human Body
5.2.4 In Blood
60.50 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
5.2.6 In Bone
170,000.00 p.p.m.0.00 p.p.m.
0
170000
6 Physical
6.1 Melting Point
839.00 °C986.00 °C
27
3410
6.3 Boiling Point
1,484.00 °C2,627.00 °C
147
5660
6.6 Appearance
6.6.1 Physical State
6.6.2 Color
6.6.3 Luster
6.7 Hardness
6.7.1 Mohs Hardness
7.3.1 Brinell Hardness
7.3.4 Vickers Hardness
7.6 Speed of Sound
8.2 Optical Properties
8.2.1 Refractive Index
8.2.3 Reflectivity
8.3 Allotropes
8.3.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8.3.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
9 Chemical
9.1 Chemical Formula
9.2 Isotopes
9.2.1 Known Isotopes
10.3 Electronegativity
10.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
10.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
10.7.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
10.8.1 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
10.10.1 Allen Electronegativity
10.11 Electropositivity
10.11.1 Pauling Electropositivity
10.13 Ionization Energies
10.13.1 1st Energy Level
589.80 kJ/mol601.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
10.14.1 2nd Energy Level
1,145.40 kJ/mol1,186.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
10.15.1 3rd Energy Level
4,912.40 kJ/mol2,152.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
11.2.3 4th Energy Level
6,491.00 kJ/mol3,434.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
11.2.5 5th Energy Level
8,153.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
11.3.2 6th Energy Level
10,496.00 kJ/molNA
5715.8
105800
11.3.4 7th Energy level
12,270.00 kJ/molNA
7226.8
114300
11.3.6 8th Energy Level
14,206.00 kJ/molNA
8857.4
125300
11.3.7 9th Energy Level
18,191.00 kJ/molNA
14110
134700
11.3.9 10th Energy Level
20,385.00 kJ/molNA
17100
144300
12.1.1 11th Energy Level
57,110.00 kJ/molNA
19900
169988
12.2.1 12th Energy Level
63,410.00 kJ/molNA
22219
189368
12.3.1 13th Energy Level
70,110.00 kJ/molNA
26930
76015
12.4.1 14th Energy Level
78,890.00 kJ/molNA
29196
86450
12.4.2 15th Energy Level
86,310.00 kJ/molNA
41987
97510
12.5.1 16th Energy Level
94,000.00 kJ/molNA
47206
109480
12.6.2 17th Energy Level
104,900.00 kJ/molNA
52737
122200
12.6.3 18th Energy Level
111,711.00 kJ/molNA
58570
134810
12.6.5 19th Energy Level
12.6.6 20th Energy Level
12.6.8 21st Energy Level
12.6.9 22nd Energy Level
12.7.1 23rd Energy Level
12.7.2 24th Energy Level
12.7.3 25th Energy Level
12.7.4 26th Energy Level
1.2.1 27th Energy Level
1.2.2 28th Energy Level
1.3.1 29th Energy Level
1.3.2 30th Energy Level
1.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
0.75 g/amp-hr3.07 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
2.5 Electron Work Function
2.6 Other Chemical Properties
Chemical Stability, Flammability, Ionization, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
3 Atomic
3.1 Atomic Number
3.2 Electron Configuration
3.3 Crystal Structure
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
3.3.1 Crystal Lattice
3.4 Atom
3.4.1 Number of Protons
3.4.4 Number of Neutrons
4.2.5 Number of Electrons
5.2 Radius of an Atom
5.2.1 Atomic Radius
197.00 pm170.00 pm
112
265
5.3.1 Covalent Radius
5.5.2 Van der Waals Radius
5.6 Atomic Weight
40.08 amu247.00 amu
6.94
294
5.7 Atomic Volume
29.90 cm3/molNA
1.39
71.07
5.9 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
5.9.1 Previous Element
5.9.2 Next Element
5.10 Valence Electron Potential
29.00 (-eV)45.50 (-eV)
8
392.42
5.12 Lattice Constant
558.84 pm341.60 pm
228.58
891.25
6.3 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
6.4 Lattice C/A Ratio
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
1.55 g/cm314.78 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
7.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
1.38 g/cm313.25 g/cm3
0.512
20
7.2 Tensile Strength
7.3 Viscosity
7.5 Vapor Pressure
7.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
25.50 (Pa)NA
2.47E-11
121
7.6.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
7.7 Elasticity properties
7.7.1 Shear Modulus
7.7.3 Bulk Modulus
7.7.5 Young's Modulus
7.8 Poisson Ratio
7.9 Other Mechanical Properties
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
8.1.3 Magnetic Ordering
8.1.4 Permeability
8.1.6 Susceptibility
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
8.2.2 Resistivity
8.2.4 Electrical Conductivity
0.30 106/cm ΩNA
0.00666
0.63
8.2.6 Electron Affinity
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
25.93 J/mol·KNA
16.443
62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
201.00 W/m·K10.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
9.4 Critical Temperature
9.5 Thermal Expansion
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
150.00 kJ/molNA
7.32
799.1
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
9.6.6 Enthalpy of Atomization
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
41.60 J/mol.KNA
9.5
198.1