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Plutonium Chromium Comparison


Chromium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pu   
Cr   

Group Number
0   
18
6   
12

Period Number
7   
4   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440473   
39

Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
11.00   
13
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
  • Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin   

Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In Between 1797 - 1798   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
1.5 * 10-3 %   
7

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.002 %   
7

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.30 %   
7

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.01 %   
13

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16

Abundance In Humans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
16

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
  • It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Highly Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.11 Blood/mg dm-3   
12

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.33 p.p.m.   
21

Physical Properties

Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,857.00 °C   
14

Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,672.00 °C   
39

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Silver   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
8.50   
1

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
687.00 MPa   
16

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
1,060.00 MPa   
10

Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
5,940.00 m/s   
5

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pu   
Cr   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
20   
19
21   
18

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.66   
18

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.66   
14

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.56   
10

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.65   
19

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.34   
36

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
1

2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
1

3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
1

4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
1

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
1

7th Energy level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
1

8th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
1

9th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
1

10th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
1

11th Energy Level
Not Available   
26,130.00 kJ/mol   
12

12th Energy Level
Not Available   
28,750.00 kJ/mol   
13

13th Energy Level
Not Available   
34,230.00 kJ/mol   
10

14th Energy Level
Not Available   
37,066.00 kJ/mol   
12

15th Energy Level
Not Available   
97,510.00 kJ/mol   
1

16th Energy Level
Not Available   
105,800.00 kJ/mol   
2

17th Energy Level
Not Available   
114,300.00 kJ/mol   
3

18th Energy Level
Not Available   
125,300.00 kJ/mol   
4

19th Energy Level
Not Available   
134,700.00 kJ/mol   
5

20th Energy Level
Not Available   
144,300.00 kJ/mol   
7

21st Energy Level
Not Available   
157,700.00 kJ/mol   
7

22nd Energy Level
Not Available   
166,090.00 kJ/mol   
6

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
0.32 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.50 eV   
14

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
94   
24
24   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Ar] 3d5 4s1   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
94   
24
24   
99+

Number of Neutrons
150   
11
28   
99+

Number of Electrons
94   
24
24   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
128.00 pm   
99+

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
139.00 pm   
99+

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
52.00 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
7.23 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Vanadium
  

Next Element
Americium
  
Manganese
  

Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
170.00 (-eV)   
4

Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
291.00 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
7.19 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
6.30 g/cm3   
40

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
689.00 MPa   
7

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
24

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
774.00 (Pa)   
1

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
115.00 GPa   
9

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
160.00 GPa   
11

Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
279.00 GPa   
8

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.21   
32

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
NA   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
7.19   
99+

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Antiferromagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
NA   

Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
125.00 nΩ·m   
27

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.08 106/cm Ω   
25

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
64.30 kJ/mol   
15

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.45 J/(kg K)   
12

Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
23.35 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
93.90 W/m·K   
17

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
4.90 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
348.80 kJ/mol   
24

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
15.31 kJ/mol   
20

Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
397.50 kJ/mol   
21

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
23.80 J/mol.K   
99+

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