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Plutonium Niobium Comparison


Niobium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table

Symbol
Pu   
Nb   

Group Number
0   
18
5   
13

Period Number
7   
5   

Block
f block   
d block   

Element Family
Actinide   
Transition Metal   

CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440031   
99+

Space Group Name
P121/m1   
Im_ 3m   

Space Group Number
11.00   
13
229.00   
1

Facts

Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
  

Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   

History
  
  

Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Charles Hatchett   

Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1801   

Abundance
  
  

Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
2 * 10-7 %   
22

Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %   
~0.0000004 %   
23

Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
35

Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
25

Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
34

Uses

Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
  

Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry   

Medical Uses
NA   
NA   

Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys   

Biological Properties
  
  

Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   

Present in Human Body
No   
Yes   

In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
0.01 Blood/mg dm-3   
25

In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
0.07 p.p.m.   
25

Physical Properties

Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
2,468.00 °C   
6

Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,468.00 °C   
99+

Appearance
  
  

Physical State
Solid   
Solid   

Color
Silvery White   
Gray   

Luster
NA   
Metallic   

Hardness
  
  

Mohs Hardness
Not Available   
6.00   
6

Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
735.00 MPa   
14

Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
870.00 MPa   
12

Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
3,480.00 m/s   
21

Optical Properties
  
  

Allotropes
No   
No   

α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula
Pu   
Nb   

Isotopes
  
  

Known Isotopes
20   
19
17   
22

Electronegativity
  
  

Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.60   
23

Sanderson Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.42   
16

Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.23   
25

Allen Electronegativity
Not Available   
1.41   
31

Electropositivity
  
  

Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.40   
31

Ionization Energies
  
  

1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
652.10 kJ/mol   
99+

2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,380.00 kJ/mol   
99+

3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,416.00 kJ/mol   
99+

4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3,700.00 kJ/mol   
99+

5th Energy Level
Not Available   
4,877.00 kJ/mol   
36

6th Energy Level
Not Available   
9,847.00 kJ/mol   
11

7th Energy level
Not Available   
12,100.00 kJ/mol   
14

Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
0.69 g/amp-hr   
99+

Electron Work Function
Not Available   
4.30 eV   
18

Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   

Atomic Properties

Atomic Number
94   
24
41   
99+

Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Kr] 4d4 5s1   

Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)   

Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100   

Atom
  
  

Number of Protons
94   
24
41   
99+

Number of Neutrons
150   
11
52   
99+

Number of Electrons
94   
24
41   
99+

Radius of an Atom
  
  

Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
146.00 pm   
35

Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
164.00 pm   
28

Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
200.00 pm   
28

Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
92.91 amu   
99+

Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
10.87 cm3/mol   
99+

Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  

Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Zirconium
  

Next Element
Americium
  
Molybdenum
  

Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
104.00 (-eV)   
8

Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
330.04 pm   
99+

Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, π/2   

Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
Not Available   

Mechanical Properties

Density
  
  

Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
8.57 g/cm3   
99+

Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
Not Available   

Tensile Strength
Not Available   
330.00 MPa   
12

Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure
  
  

Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
Not Available   

Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
0.00 (Pa)   
27

Elasticity properties
  
  

Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
38.00 GPa   
19

Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
170.00 GPa   
10

Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
105.00 GPa   
20

Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.40   
4

Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable   

Magnetic Properties

Magnetic Characteristics
  
  

Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
8.57   
37

Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   

Electrical Properties
  
  

Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   

Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
152.00 nΩ·m   
23

Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.07 106/cm Ω   
28

Electron Affinity
Not Available   
86.10 kJ/mol   
12

Thermal Properties

Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.26 J/(kg K)   
20

Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
24.60 J/mol·K   
99+

Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
53.70 W/m·K   
29

Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   

Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
7.30 µm/(m·K)   
99+

Enthalpy
  
  

Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
696.60 kJ/mol   
4

Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
27.20 kJ/mol   
6

Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
745.00 kJ/mol   
4

Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
36.40 J/mol.K   
99+

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