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Plutonium Palladium Comparison

Plutonium
Palladium
Palladium Plutonium comparison


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
Pd  
Group Number
0  
18
10  
8
Period Number
7  
5  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440053  
99+
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
Fm_ 3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
225.00  
3
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Palladium alloys are used for Jewelry contains (95% Palladium and 5% Ruthenium)
  • In the late 1800s, Palladium metal used have more economical value than the Platinum metal.
  • Palladium element is known as a good catalyst
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Ores of metals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
William Hyde Wollaston  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1803  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
23
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
24
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.00 %  
99+
Abundance In Oceans
-  
-  
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Mostly palladium metal is used in catalytic converters. In electronic industry it is used in ceramic capacitors of mobile and computer.
  • It is used in jewellery and dental fillings and crowns.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Electronic Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
Dentistry, Pharmaceutical Industry, Surgical Instruments Manufacturing  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Coinage, Bullion, Jewellery  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
No  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
37
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
1,554.90 °C  
22
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
2,963.00 °C  
34
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Silver  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
4.75  
9
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
320.00 MPa  
40
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
121.00 MPa  
99+
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
3,070.00 m/s  
38
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
1.72  
25
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
84.00 %  
5
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
Pd  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
38  
1
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
2.20  
5
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
2.20  
8
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.35  
22
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
2.20  
6
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.59  
25
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
1.80  
99+
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
520.23 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
7,298.22 kJ/mol  
2
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
11,815.13 kJ/mol  
3
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
870.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
13
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,044.00 kJ/mol  
33
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
24
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
28
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
27
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
8,040.00 kJ/mol  
99+
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
5,310.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
80,400.00 kJ/mol  
16
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
33
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
8,045.00 kJ/mol  
22
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
30
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
23
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
18
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
14
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
12
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
11
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
17
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
804.40 kJ/mol  
16
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
804.00 kJ/mol  
12
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
1.99 g/amp-hr  
34
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
5.12 eV  
7
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
46  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Kr] 4d10  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Face Centered Cubic (FCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
FCC-Crystal-Structure-of-Palladium.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
46  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
60  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
46  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
137.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
139.00 pm  
99+
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
163.00 pm  
99+
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
106.42 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
8.90 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Rhodium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Silver
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
33.00 (-eV)  
99+
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
389.07 pm  
28
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.56  
99+
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
12.02 g/cm3  
31
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
10.38 g/cm3  
38
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
550.00 MPa  
8
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
14
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
29
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.00 (Pa)  
99+
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
44.00 GPa  
17
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
180.00 GPa  
9
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
121.00 GPa  
18
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.39  
5
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable, Weldable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
12.02  
33
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Diamagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
18
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
27
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Conductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
105.40 nΩ·m  
29
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.10 106/cm Ω  
27
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
54.23 kJ/mol  
21
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.24 J/(kg K)  
23
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
25.98 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
71.80 W/m·K  
23
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
1,825.00 K  
26
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
11.80 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
376.60 kJ/mol  
28
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
16.74 kJ/mol  
18
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
393.30 kJ/mol  
29
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
37.60 J/mol.K  
99+
Summary >>
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Actinide Series

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