1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.6 Period Number
2.2 Block
2.3 Element Family
Actinide
Transition Metal
2.4 CAS Number
74400757440473
7429905
54386242
2.5 Space Group Name
2.6 Space Group Number
3 Facts
3.1 Interesting Facts
- Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
- Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
- Chromium is highly reactive, hence it is not found free in nature.
- Ores of Chromites mineral are the major source of Chromium metal.
- Almost 90% leather tanning is done with the help of chromium.
3.2 Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of metals, Ores of Minerals
3.3 History
3.3.1 Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
3.3.2 Discovery
In Between 1940 1941
In Between 1797 - 1798
3.4 Abundance
3.4.1 Abundance In Universe
NA1.5 * 10-3 %
5E-09
0.11
3.5.1 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~0.002 %
1E-08
0.1
3.6.2 Abundance In Meteorites
3.6.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
3.7.2 Abundance In Oceans
3.7.4 Abundance In Humans
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
- Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
-
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
- It is used to harden the steel and produces a stainless steel and other various alloys.
- It is also used to give proper finish to polished mirrors. Its chromium plates are used in bathroom fittings.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry
4.1.2 Medical Uses
4.1.3 Other Uses
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
4.2.3 Present in Human Body
4.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.11 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
4.2.5 In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.0.33 p.p.m.
0
170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
639.50 °C1,857.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C2,672.00 °C
147
5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
6.3.2 Color
6.3.3 Luster
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
6.5.3 Brinell Hardness
6.5.5 Vickers Hardness
6.6 Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s5,940.00 m/s
818
16200
7.2 Optical Properties
7.2.1 Refractive Index
7.2.2 Reflectivity
7.4 Allotropes
7.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.4 Electronegativity
8.4.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.5.1 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.6.1 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.6.2 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.7.2 Allen Electronegativity
8.8 Electropositivity
8.8.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.9 Ionization Energies
8.9.1 1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol26,130.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.9.3 2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol28,750.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.9.4 3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol34,230.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.10.1 4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol37,066.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.10.2 5th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
4305.2
97510
8.10.3 6th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
5715.8
105800
8.10.4 7th Energy level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
7226.8
114300
8.10.5 8th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
8857.4
125300
8.10.6 9th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
14110
134700
8.10.7 10th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
17100
144300
8.10.8 11th Energy Level
NA26,130.00 kJ/mol
19900
169988
8.10.9 12th Energy Level
NA28,750.00 kJ/mol
22219
189368
8.10.10 13th Energy Level
NA34,230.00 kJ/mol
26930
76015
8.10.11 14th Energy Level
NA37,066.00 kJ/mol
29196
86450
8.10.12 15th Energy Level
NA97,510.00 kJ/mol
41987
97510
8.10.13 16th Energy Level
NA105,800.00 kJ/mol
47206
109480
8.10.14 17th Energy Level
NA114,300.00 kJ/mol
52737
122200
8.10.15 18th Energy Level
NA125,300.00 kJ/mol
58570
134810
8.10.16 19th Energy Level
NA134,700.00 kJ/mol
64702
148700
8.10.17 20th Energy Level
NA144,300.00 kJ/mol
80400
171200
8.10.18 21st Energy Level
NA157,700.00 kJ/mol
87000
179100
8.10.19 22nd Energy Level
NA166,090.00 kJ/mol
93400
184900
8.10.20 23rd Energy Level
8.10.21 24th Energy Level
8.10.22 25th Energy Level
8.10.23 26th Energy Level
8.10.24 27th Energy Level
8.10.25 28th Energy Level
8.10.26 29th Energy Level
8.10.27 30th Energy Level
8.11 Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr0.32 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.12 Electron Work Function
8.13 Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity
Anti Corrosion, Chemical Stability, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
9.3 Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.2 Number of Neutrons
9.4.3 Number of Electrons
9.5 Radius of an Atom
9.5.1 Atomic Radius
159.00 pm128.00 pm
112
265
9.5.2 Covalent Radius
187.00 pm139.00 pm
96
260
9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
9.6 Atomic Weight
244.00 amu52.00 amu
6.94
294
9.7 Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol7.23 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.8.1 Previous Element
9.8.2 Next Element
9.9 Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)170.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
9.10 Lattice Constant
618.30 pm291.00 pm
228.58
891.25
9.11 Lattice Angles
9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
10 Mechanical
10.1 Density
10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm37.19 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm36.30 g/cm3
0.512
20
10.2 Tensile Strength
10.3 Viscosity
10.4 Vapor Pressure
10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.47E-11
121
10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)774.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
10.5 Elasticity properties
10.5.1 Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa115.00 GPa
1.3
222
10.5.2 Bulk Modulus
10.5.3 Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa279.00 GPa
1.7
528
10.6 Poisson Ratio
10.7 Other Mechanical Properties
11 Magnetic
11.1 Magnetic Characteristics
11.1.1 Specific Gravity
11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Antiferromagnetic
11.1.3 Permeability
11.1.4 Susceptibility
11.2 Electrical Properties
11.2.1 Electrical Property
11.2.2 Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m125.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.08 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
11.2.4 Electron Affinity
12 Thermal
12.1 Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)0.45 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
12.2 Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K23.35 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
12.3 Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K93.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
12.4 Critical Temperature
12.5 Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)4.90 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
12.6 Enthalpy
12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol348.80 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol15.31 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol397.50 kJ/mol
61.5
837
12.7 Standard Molar Entropy
NA23.80 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1