Plutonium

Copper

Plutonium vs Copper

Plutonium

Copper

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1 Periodic Table

1.1 Symbol

1.2 Group Number

011

0 17

1.6 Period Number

2 7

1.7 Block

f block

d block

1.8 Element Family

Actinide

Transition Metal

1.9 CAS Number

74400757440508

7429905 54386242

1.10 Space Group Name

P121/m1

Fm_ 3m

1.11 Space Group Number

11.00225.00

11 229

2 Facts

2.1 Interesting Facts

Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.

Copper rarely found in its pure form in nature.

Copper Sulfate is mostly used in agricultural poison and as an algicide in water purification system.

2.2 Sources

Mining, Ores of metals

Found in Minerals

2.3 History

2.3.1 Who Discovered

Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan

Unknown

2.3.2 Discovery

In Between 1940 1941

In Middle East (9000 BCE)

2.4 Abundance

2.4.1 Abundance In Universe

NA6 * 10^-6 %

5E-09 0.11

2.5.2 Abundance In Sun

~-9999 %~0.00007 %

1E-08 0.1

2.5.4 Abundance In Meteorites

NA0.01 %

1.7E-07 22

2.6.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust

NA0.01 %

9.9E-12 8.1

2.7.1 Abundance In Oceans

NA0.00 %

2E-23 1.1

2.7.2 Abundance In Humans

NA0.00 %

1E-13 1.4

3 Uses

3.1 Uses & Benefits

Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.

It is use for coinage and bullion.
Most of copper element is used in manufacturing electrical and electronic equipments such as wirings and components. It is also used in construction and industrial machine.

3.1.1 Industrial Uses

Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry

Chemical Industry, Electronic Industry

3.1.2 Medical Uses

3.1.3 Other Uses

Alloys

Alloys, Coinage, Jewellery

3.2 Biological Properties

3.2.1 Toxicity

Toxic

Non Toxic

3.2.2 Present in Human Body

✔ ✘

3.2.3 In Blood

0.00 Blood/mg dm-31.01 Blood/mg dm-3

0 1970

3.2.4 In Bone

0.00 p.p.m.26.00 p.p.m.

0 170000

4 Physical

4.1 Melting Point

639.50 °C1,084.62 °C

27 3410

4.2 Boiling Point

3,235.00 °C2,562.00 °C

147 5660

4.5 Appearance

4.5.1 Physical State

Solid

4.5.2 Color

Silvery White

Copper

4.5.3 Luster

4.6 Hardness

4.6.1 Mohs Hardness

NA3.00

0.2 8.5

5.1.3 Brinell Hardness

NA235.00 MPa

0.14 3490

5.3.1 Vickers Hardness

NA343.00 MPa

121 3430

5.5 Speed of Sound

2,260.00 m/s3,810.00 m/s

818 16200

5.7 Optical Properties

5.7.1 Refractive Index

NANA

1.000933 1.7229

5.7.3 Reflectivity

NA90.00 %

58 97

5.9 Allotropes

✔ ✘

5.9.1 α Allotropes

Not Available

5.9.2 β Allotropes

Not Available

5.9.3 γ Allotropes

Not Available

6 Chemical

6.1 Chemical Formula

6.2 Isotopes

6.2.1 Known Isotopes

2029

0 38

7.2 Electronegativity

7.2.1 Pauling Electronegativity

1.281.90

0.7 2.54

7.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity

NA1.98

0.22 2.56

7.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity

1.221.75

0.86 1.82

7.3.6 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity

NA1.49

0.62 2.48

7.3.8 Allen Electronegativity

NA1.85

0.659 2.7

8.2 Electropositivity

8.2.1 Pauling Electropositivity

2.722.10

1.46 3.3

8.4 Ionization Energies

8.4.1 1st Energy Level

584.70 kJ/mol745.50 kJ/mol

375.7 26130

8.5.1 2nd Energy Level

1,128.00 kJ/mol1,957.90 kJ/mol

710.2162 28750

8.5.2 3rd Energy Level

2,084.00 kJ/mol3,555.00 kJ/mol

1600 34230

8.6.1 4th Energy Level

3,338.00 kJ/mol5,536.00 kJ/mol

2780 37066

8.7.1 5th Energy Level

NA7,700.00 kJ/mol

4305.2 97510

8.8.2 6th Energy Level

NA9,900.00 kJ/mol

5715.8 105800

8.8.3 7th Energy level

NA13,400.00 kJ/mol

7226.8 114300

8.8.5 8th Energy Level

NA16,000.00 kJ/mol

8857.4 125300

8.8.7 9th Energy Level

NA19,200.00 kJ/mol

14110 134700

8.8.8 10th Energy Level

NA22,400.00 kJ/mol

17100 144300

8.9.1 11th Energy Level

NA25,600.00 kJ/mol

19900 169988

8.9.2 12th Energy Level

NA35,600.00 kJ/mol

22219 189368

8.9.3 13th Energy Level

NA38,700.00 kJ/mol

26930 76015

8.9.4 14th Energy Level

NA42,000.00 kJ/mol

29196 86450

8.9.5 15th Energy Level

NA46,700.00 kJ/mol

41987 97510

8.9.6 16th Energy Level

NA50,200.00 kJ/mol

47206 109480

8.9.7 17th Energy Level

NA53,700.00 kJ/mol

52737 122200

8.9.8 18th Energy Level

NA61,100.00 kJ/mol

58570 134810

8.9.9 19th Energy Level

NA64,702.00 kJ/mol

64702 148700

8.9.10 20th Energy Level

NA163,700.00 kJ/mol

80400 171200

8.9.11 21st Energy Level

NA174,100.00 kJ/mol

87000 179100

8.9.12 22nd Energy Level

NA184,900.00 kJ/mol

93400 184900

8.9.13 23rd Energy Level

NA198,800.00 kJ/mol

98420 198800

8.9.14 24th Energy Level

NANA

104400 195200

8.9.15 25th Energy Level

NANA

121900 121900

8.9.16 26th Energy Level

NANA

127700 127700

8.9.17 27th Energy Level

NANA

133800 133800

8.9.18 28th Energy Level

NANA

139800 139800

8.9.19 29th Energy Level

NANA

148100 148100

8.9.20 30th Energy Level

NANA

154500 154500

8.10 Electrochemical Equivalent

2.28 g/amp-hr1.19 g/amp-hr

0.16812 8.3209

8.11 Electron Work Function

NA4.65 eV

2.14 5.65

8.12 Other Chemical Properties

Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity

Chemical Stability, Corrosion, Ionization, Solubility

9 Atomic

9.1 Atomic Number

9429

3 117

9.2 Electron Configuration

[Rn] 5f⁶ 7s²

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹

9.3 Crystal Structure

Monoclinic (MON)

Face Centered Cubic (FCC)

9.3.1 Crystal Lattice

9.4 Atom

9.4.1 Number of Protons

9429

3 117

9.4.2 Number of Neutrons

15035

4 184

9.4.3 Number of Electrons

9429

3 117

9.5 Radius of an Atom

9.5.1 Atomic Radius

159.00 pm128.00 pm

112 265

9.5.2 Covalent Radius

187.00 pm132.00 pm

96 260

9.5.3 Van der Waals Radius

200.00 pm140.00 pm

139 348

9.6 Atomic Weight

244.00 amu63.55 amu

6.94 294

9.7 Atomic Volume

12.32 cm3/mol7.10 cm3/mol

1.39 71.07

9.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers

9.8.1 Previous Element

9.8.2 Next Element

9.9 Valence Electron Potential

64.90 (-eV)34.00 (-eV)

8 392.42

9.10 Lattice Constant

618.30 pm361.49 pm

228.58 891.25

9.11 Lattice Angles

π/2, π/2, π/2

9.12 Lattice C/A Ratio

NANA

1.567 1.886

10 Mechanical

10.1 Density

10.1.1 Density At Room Temperature

19.82 g/cm³8.96 g/cm³

0.534 40.7

10.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)

16.63 g/cm38.02 g/cm3

0.512 20

10.2 Tensile Strength

NANA

2.5 11000

10.3 Viscosity

NANA

0.001526 0.001526

10.4 Vapor Pressure

10.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K

0.00 (Pa)1.53 (Pa)

2.47E-11 121

10.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K

2.20 (Pa)NA

2.62E-10 774

10.5 Elasticity properties

10.5.1 Shear Modulus

43.00 GPa48.00 GPa

1.3 222

10.5.2 Bulk Modulus

NA140.00 GPa

1.6 462

10.5.3 Young's Modulus

96.00 GPa120.00 GPa

1.7 528

10.6 Poisson Ratio

0.210.34

0.032 0.47

10.7 Other Mechanical Properties

Ductile, Malleable

11 Magnetic

11.1 Magnetic Characteristics

11.1.1 Specific Gravity

19.848.89

0.53 4500

11.1.2 Magnetic Ordering

Paramagnetic

Diamagnetic

11.1.3 Permeability

NA1.256629 * 10^-6 H/m

1.25643E-06 0.0063

11.1.4 Susceptibility

NA-9.63 * 10^-6

-0.000166 200000

11.2 Electrical Properties

11.2.1 Electrical Property

Poor Conductor

Conductor

11.2.2 Resistivity

1.46 nΩ·m16.78 nΩ·m

0.18 961

11.2.3 Electrical Conductivity

0.01 10⁶/cm Ω0.60 10⁶/cm Ω

0.00666 0.63

11.2.4 Electron Affinity

NA222.80 kJ/mol

0 222.8

12 Thermal

12.1 Specific Heat

0.13 J/(kg K)0.38 J/(kg K)

0.11 3.6

12.2 Molar Heat Capacity

35.50 J/mol·K24.44 J/mol·K

16.443 62.7

12.3 Thermal Conductivity

6.74 W/m·K401.00 W/m·K

6.3 429

12.4 Critical Temperature

NANA

26.3 3223

12.5 Thermal Expansion

46.70 µm/(m·K)16.50 µm/(m·K)

4.5 97

12.6 Enthalpy

12.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization

344.00 kJ/mol283.70 kJ/mol

7.32 799.1

12.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion

2.82 kJ/mol7.11 kJ/mol

2.1 35.23

12.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization

360.00 kJ/mol338.90 kJ/mol

61.5 837

12.7 Standard Molar Entropy

NA33.20 J/mol.K

9.5 198.1

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