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Plutonium vs Holmium

Plutonium
Holmium
Holmium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu   
Ho   
Group Number
0   
18
Not Available   
Period Number
7   
6   
Block
f block   
f block   
Element Family
Actinide   
Lanthanide   
CAS Number
7440075   
99+
7440600   
29
Space Group Name
P121/m1   
P63/mmc   
Space Group Number
11.00   
13
194.00   
5
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Holmium metal is very soft and malleable.
  • Holmium metal is well known for its corrosion resistivity.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals   
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals   
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan   
Marc Delafontaine   
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941   
In 1878   
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
Not Available   
5 * 10-8 %   
27
Abundance In Meteorites
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Abundance In Earth's Crust
Not Available   
0.00 %   
38
Abundance In Oceans
Not Available   
0.00 %   
99+
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Holmium metal has an ability to absorb neutrons, so this metal is used in nuclear reactors to keep the chain reactions of elements under control.
  • Alloys of Holmium are used to produce Magnet.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry   
NA   
Medical Uses
NA   
NA   
Other Uses
Alloys   
Alloys, Nuclear Research   
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic   
Low Toxic   
Present in Human Body
No   
No   
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3   
37
Not Available   
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.   
36
Not Available   
Physical Properties
Melting Point
639.50 °C   
99+
1,461.00 °C   
30
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C   
24
2,600.00 °C   
99+
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid   
Solid   
Color
Silvery White   
Silvery White   
Luster
NA   
Metallic   
Hardness
  
  
Brinell Hardness
Not Available   
746.00 MPa   
13
Vickers Hardness
Not Available   
481.00 MPa   
23
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s   
99+
2,760.00 m/s   
30
Optical Properties
  
  
Allotropes
No   
No   
α Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
β Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
γ Allotropes
Not Available   
Not Available   
Chemical Properties
Chemical Formula
Pu   
Ho   
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20   
19
34   
5
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28   
33
1.23   
37
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22   
26
1.10   
30
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72   
21
2.77   
17
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol   
99+
581.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol   
99+
1,140.00 kJ/mol   
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol   
99+
2,204.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol   
99+
4,100.00 kJ/mol   
34
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr   
22
2.02 g/amp-hr   
29
Electron Work Function
Not Available   
Not Available   
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity   
Chemical Stability, Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility   
Atomic Properties
Atomic Number
94   
24
67   
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2   
[Xe] 4f11 6s2   
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)   
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)   
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100   
HCP-Crystal-Structure-of-Holmium.jpg#100   
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94   
24
67   
99+
Number of Neutrons
150   
11
98   
34
Number of Electrons
94   
24
67   
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm   
28
176.00 pm   
18
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm   
20
192.00 pm   
17
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm   
28
216.00 pm   
24
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu   
19
164.93 amu   
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol   
99+
18.70 cm3/mol   
24
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Dysprosium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Erbium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)   
21
47.90 (-eV)   
31
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm   
4
357.73 pm   
38
Lattice Angles
NA   
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3   
Lattice C/A Ratio
Not Available   
1.57   
17
Mechanical Properties
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3   
13
8.79 g/cm3   
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3   
8
8.34 g/cm3   
26
Tensile Strength
Not Available   
Not Available   
Viscosity
Not Available   
Not Available   
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)   
26
0.00 (Pa)   
16
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)   
12
Not Available   
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa   
18
26.30 GPa   
28
Bulk Modulus
Not Available   
40.20 GPa   
32
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa   
21
64.80 GPa   
31
Poisson Ratio
0.21   
32
0.23   
29
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable   
Ductile, Malleable, Sectile   
Magnetic Properties
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84   
7
8.80   
35
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic   
Paramagnetic   
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor   
Conductor   
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m   
99+
814.00 nΩ·m   
4
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
0.01 106/cm Ω   
99+
Electron Affinity
Not Available   
50.00 kJ/mol   
21
Thermal Properties
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)   
39
0.16 J/(kg K)   
35
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K   
3
27.15 J/mol·K   
19
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K   
99+
16.20 W/m·K   
99+
Critical Temperature
Not Available   
Not Available   
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)   
6
11.20 µm/(m·K)   
35
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol   
25
241.00 kJ/mol   
38
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol   
99+
11.76 kJ/mol   
29
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol   
26
301.00 kJ/mol   
36
Standard Molar Entropy
Not Available   
75.30 J/mol.K   
8
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