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Plutonium vs Vanadium

Plutonium
Vanadium
Vanadium vs Plutonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Pu  
V  
Group Number
0  
18
5  
13
Period Number
7  
4  
Block
f block  
d block  
Element Family
Actinide  
Transition Metal  
CAS Number
7440075  
99+
7440622  
27
Space Group Name
P121/m1  
Im_ 3m  
Space Group Number
11.00  
16
229.00  
2
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Plutonium metal if obtain from ores of uranium metal.
  • Plutonium metal is very sensitive to the change in atmospheric conditions like temperature and pressure.
  
  • Vanadium is a highly reactive metal, hence it is not found free in nature.
  • Vanadium can be found in almost 65 different types of minerals.
  
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals  
Found As a By-product, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals  
History
  
  
Who Discovered
Glenn T. Seaborg, Arthur Wahl, Joseph W. Kennedy, Edwin McMillan  
Andrés Manuel del Río  
Discovery
In Between 1940 1941  
In 1801  
Abundance
  
  
Abundance In Universe
0.00 %  
40
0.00 %  
11
Abundance In Sun
0.00 %  
21
0.00 %  
13
Abundance In Meteorites
-  
0.01 %  
14
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %  
99+
0.02 %  
12
Abundance In Oceans
-  
0.00 %  
14
Abundance In Humans
0.00 %  
24
0.00 %  
19
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Plutonium was used in atomic bombs and still it is being used in various weapons and Ammunition industry.
  • It is also used in nuclear power plant as source of energy for space missions.
  
  • Its ally with steel is used very tough and hence it is used in armor plates, axles, piston rods, tools and crankshafts.
  • Its oxide is used as pigments for glass and ceramics.
  
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry  
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry  
Medical Uses
-  
-  
Other Uses
Alloys  
Alloys  
Biological Properties
  
  
Toxicity
Toxic  
Toxic  
Present in Human Body
No  
Yes  
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
40
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3  
39
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m.  
99+
0.00 p.p.m.  
36
Physical
Melting Point
639.50 °C  
99+
1,890.00 °C  
13
Boiling Point
3,235.00 °C  
25
3,380.00 °C  
21
Appearance
  
  
Physical State
Solid  
Solid  
Color
Silvery White  
Blue-Silver Grey  
Luster
-  
Metallic  
Hardness
  
  
Mohs Hardness
4.00  
11
6.70  
4
Brinell Hardness
627.00 MPa  
22
600.00 MPa  
24
Vickers Hardness
617.00 MPa  
26
628.00 MPa  
25
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s  
99+
4,560.00 m/s  
22
Optical Properties
  
  
Refractive Index
1.90  
18
2.05  
13
Reflectivity
68.00 %  
15
61.00 %  
22
Allotropes
No  
No  
α Allotropes
-  
-  
β Allotropes
-  
-  
γ Allotropes
-  
-  
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Pu  
V  
Isotopes
  
  
Known Isotopes
20  
19
22  
17
Electronegativity
  
  
Pauling Electronegativity
1.28  
34
1.63  
21
Sanderson Electronegativity
1.28  
26
1.39  
21
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.22  
27
1.45  
17
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
1.30  
33
1.63  
21
Allen Electronegativity
1.28  
99+
1.53  
29
Electropositivity
  
  
Pauling Electropositivity
2.72  
21
2.37  
34
Ionization Energies
  
  
1st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
2nd Energy Level
1,128.00 kJ/mol  
99+
1,414.00 kJ/mol  
99+
3rd Energy Level
2,084.00 kJ/mol  
99+
2,830.00 kJ/mol  
36
4th Energy Level
3,338.00 kJ/mol  
99+
4,507.00 kJ/mol  
35
5th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
6,298.70 kJ/mol  
38
6th Energy Level
5,847.00 kJ/mol  
99+
12,363.00 kJ/mol  
6
7th Energy level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
14,530.00 kJ/mol  
5
8th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
16,730.00 kJ/mol  
7
9th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
19,860.00 kJ/mol  
7
10th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
22,240.00 kJ/mol  
12
11th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
24,670.00 kJ/mol  
15
12th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
18
29,730.00 kJ/mol  
34
13th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
32,446.00 kJ/mol  
12
14th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
39
86,450.00 kJ/mol  
1
15th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
99+
94,170.00 kJ/mol  
3
16th Energy Level
58,400.00 kJ/mol  
40
102,300.00 kJ/mol  
3
17th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
112,700.00 kJ/mol  
4
18th Energy Level
5,840.00 kJ/mol  
99+
121,600.00 kJ/mol  
5
19th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
130,700.00 kJ/mol  
6
20th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
143,400.00 kJ/mol  
8
21st Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
151,440.00 kJ/mol  
8
22nd Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.00 kJ/mol  
32
23rd Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
24th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
34
25th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
26th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
35
27th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
36
28th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
29th Energy Level
584.70 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
99+
30th Energy Level
584.00 kJ/mol  
99+
650.90 kJ/mol  
38
Electrochemical Equivalent
2.28 g/amp-hr  
26
0.38 g/amp-hr  
99+
Electron Work Function
3.88 eV  
38
4.30 eV  
25
Other Chemical Properties
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Radioactivity  
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes  
Atomic
Atomic Number
94  
24
23  
99+
Electron Configuration
[Rn] 5f6 7s2  
[Ar] 3d3 4s2  
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)  
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)  
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Plutonium.jpg#100  
BCC-Crystal-Structure-.jpg#100  
Atom
  
  
Number of Protons
94  
24
23  
99+
Number of Neutrons
150  
12
28  
99+
Number of Electrons
94  
24
23  
99+
Radius of an Atom
  
  
Atomic Radius
159.00 pm  
30
134.00 pm  
99+
Covalent Radius
187.00 pm  
20
153.00 pm  
35
Van der Waals Radius
200.00 pm  
35
200.00 pm  
35
Atomic Weight
244.00 amu  
19
50.94 amu  
99+
Atomic Volume
12.32 cm3/mol  
99+
8.78 cm3/mol  
99+
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
  
  
Previous Element
Neptunium
  
Titanium
  
Next Element
Americium
  
Chromium
  
Valence Electron Potential
64.90 (-eV)  
21
120.00 (-eV)  
6
Lattice Constant
618.30 pm  
4
303.00 pm  
99+
Lattice Angles
-  
π/2, π/2, π/2  
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.74  
6
1.70  
9
Mechanical
Density
  
  
Density At Room Temperature
19.82 g/cm3  
13
6.00 g/cm3  
99+
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
16.63 g/cm3  
18
5.50 g/cm3  
99+
Tensile Strength
40.00 MPa  
99+
800.00 MPa  
6
Viscosity
0.00  
25
0.00  
11
Vapor Pressure
  
  
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)  
28
0.00 (Pa)  
37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
2.20 (Pa)  
12
0.23 (Pa)  
16
Elasticity properties
  
  
Shear Modulus
43.00 GPa  
18
47.00 GPa  
16
Bulk Modulus
100.00 GPa  
16
160.00 GPa  
11
Young's Modulus
96.00 GPa  
23
128.00 GPa  
17
Poisson Ratio
0.21  
33
0.37  
7
Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable  
Ductile, Malleable  
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
  
  
Specific Gravity
19.84  
16
5.96  
99+
Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic  
Paramagnetic  
Permeability
0.00 H/m  
16
0.00 H/m  
15
Susceptibility
0.00  
21
0.00  
8
Electrical Properties
  
  
Electrical Property
Poor Conductor  
Superconductor  
Resistivity
1.46 nΩ·m  
99+
197.00 nΩ·m  
19
Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω  
99+
0.05 106/cm Ω  
40
Electron Affinity
0.60 kJ/mol  
99+
50.60 kJ/mol  
25
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.13 J/(kg K)  
40
0.49 J/(kg K)  
10
Molar Heat Capacity
35.50 J/mol·K  
4
24.89 J/mol·K  
99+
Thermal Conductivity
6.74 W/m·K  
99+
30.70 W/m·K  
40
Critical Temperature
913.00 K  
99+
2,183.00 K  
15
Thermal Expansion
46.70 µm/(m·K)  
6
8.40 µm/(m·K)  
99+
Enthalpy
  
  
Enthalpy of Vaporization
344.00 kJ/mol  
36
458.60 kJ/mol  
19
Enthalpy of Fusion
2.82 kJ/mol  
99+
17.57 kJ/mol  
14
Enthalpy of Atomization
360.00 kJ/mol  
35
514.60 kJ/mol  
17
Standard Molar Entropy
37.10 J/mol.K  
99+
28.90 J/mol.K  
99+
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