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Po Element
Polonium


Periodic Table
Symbol
Po
Group Number
16 2
Period Number
6 2
Block
p block
Element Family
Post-​Transition
CAS Number
7440086 71
Space Group Name
Pm-3m
Space Group Number
221.00 4
Facts
Interesting Facts
  • Polonium was the first radioactive element to be discovered.
  • Polonium element and its compounds are highly radioactive.
  • Its alloy with Beryllium provides source of neutrons.
Sources
Mining, Ores of metals
History
Who Discovered
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie
Discovery
In 1898
Abundance
Abundance In Universe
0.00 % 40
Abundance In Sun
-
Abundance In Meteorites
-
Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 % 60
Abundance In Oceans
0.00 % 46
Abundance In Humans
0.00 % 24
Uses
Uses & Benefits
  • Polonium metal has different Allotropes, it is used in antistatic devices and for research purpose.
  • A 1 gram of Polonium can reach a temperature of 500°C, hence it is used as a heat source for space equipment.
Industrial Uses
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry
Medical Uses
-
Other Uses
Alloys
Biological Properties
Toxicity
Highly Toxic
Present in Human Body
No
In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-3 40
In Bone
0.00 p.p.m. 41
Physical
Melting Point
254.00 °C 71
Boiling Point
962.00 °C 71
Appearance
Physical State
Solid
Color
Silver
Luster
-
Hardness
Mohs Hardness
2.50 15
Brinell Hardness
70.00 MPa 61
Vickers Hardness
30.00 MPa 67
Speed of Sound
2,260.00 m/s 58
Optical Properties
Refractive Index
2.70 3
Reflectivity
50.00 % 31
Allotropes
Yes
α Allotropes
α-polonium
β Allotropes
β-polonium
γ Allotropes
-
Chemical
Chemical Formula
Po
Isotopes
Known Isotopes
29 10
Electronegativity
Pauling Electronegativity
2.00 8
Sanderson Electronegativity
2.00 10
Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.76 3
Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
2.48 1
Allen Electronegativity
2.19 2
Electropositivity
Pauling Electropositivity
2.00 47
Ionization Energies
1st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 14
2nd Energy Level
1,833.20 kJ/mol 17
3rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 87
4th Energy Level
8,121.00 kJ/mol 7
5th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 12
6th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 32
7th Energy level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 26
8th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 26
9th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 23
10th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 27
11th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 26
12th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 44
13th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 19
14th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 18
15th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol 15
16th Energy Level
81,200.00 kJ/mol 12
17th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 32
18th Energy Level
8,120.00 kJ/mol 21
19th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 29
20th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol 22
21st Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 40
22nd Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol 17
23rd Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 42
24th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 13
25th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 11
26th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 11
27th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 10
28th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 16
29th Energy Level
812.10 kJ/mol 15
30th Energy Level
812.00 kJ/mol 11
Electrochemical Equivalent
3.90 g/amp-hr 8
Electron Work Function
4.50 eV 19
Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Atomic
Atomic Number
84 32
Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
Crystal Structure
Monoclinic (MON)
Crystal Lattice
MON-Crystal-Structure-of-Polonium.jpg#100
Atom
Number of Protons
84 32
Number of Neutrons
125 20
Number of Electrons
84 32
Radius of an Atom
Atomic Radius
168.00 pm 25
Covalent Radius
140.00 pm 46
Van der Waals Radius
197.00 pm 36
Atomic Weight
209.00 amu 28
Atomic Volume
22.23 cm3/mol 22
Adjacent Atomic Numbers
Previous Element
23
Next Element
47
Valence Electron Potential
9.30 (-eV) 70
Lattice Constant
335.90 pm 54
Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, π/2
Lattice C/A Ratio
1.46 49
Mechanical
Density
Density At Room Temperature
9.20 g/cm3 46
Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
9.40 g/cm3 44
Tensile Strength
50.00 MPa 38
Viscosity
0.00 26
Vapor Pressure
Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
0.00 (Pa) 37
Elasticity properties
Shear Modulus
24.00 GPa 40
Bulk Modulus
46.00 GPa 28
Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa 42
Poisson Ratio
0.23 30
Other Mechanical Properties
-
Magnetic
Magnetic Characteristics
Specific Gravity
9.32 46
Magnetic Ordering
Nonmagnetic
Permeability
0.00 H/m 15
Susceptibility
0.00 24
Electrical Properties
Electrical Property
Conductor
Resistivity
0.40 nΩ·m 82
Electrical Conductivity
0.02 106/cm Ω 49
Electron Affinity
183.30 kJ/mol 3
Thermal
Specific Heat
0.12 J/(kg K) 42
Molar Heat Capacity
26.40 J/mol·K 36
Thermal Conductivity
20.00 W/m·K 45
Critical Temperature
527.00 K 72
Thermal Expansion
23.50 µm/(m·K) 16
Enthalpy
Enthalpy of Vaporization
60.30 kJ/mol 85
Enthalpy of Fusion
13.00 kJ/mol 32
Enthalpy of Atomization
134.00 kJ/mol 66
Standard Molar Entropy
41.10 J/mol.K 52
Summary >>
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