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Praseodymium
Praseodymium

Molybdenum
Molybdenum



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Praseodymium vs Molybdenum

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pr
Mo
1.2 Group Number
NA6
Gadolinium
0 17
1.3 Period Number
65
Lithium
2 7
1.4 Block
f block
d block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401007439987
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.8 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  • Molybdenum is highly reactive metal, hence not found free in nature .
  • Till 18th century Molybdenum element were often mistaken as a carbon or Lead.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Carl Wilhelm Scheele
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
In 1778
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %5 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000009 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.4.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
2.4.4 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
2.4.6 Abundance In Humans
NA0.00 %
Radium
1E-13 1.4
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  • Its alloys are used to make engine parts, drills, saw blade, etc.
  • Lubricant additive made up of Molybdenum disulfide is commonly used in the industry. It is also used as a catalyst.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
NA
NA
3.1.3 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.3 In Blood
NA0.00 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
3.2.4 In Bone
NA0.70 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C2,617.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C4,612.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
4.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Gray
4.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA5.50
Cesium
0.2 8.5
4.4.2 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa1,370.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
4.4.3 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa1,400.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
4.5 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s5,400.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
4.6.2 Reflectivity
NA58.00 %
Silver
58 97
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
Pr
Mo
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
3125
Tennessine
0 38
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.132.16
Francium
0.7 2.54
5.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.15
Cesium
0.22 2.56
5.3.3 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.30
Cesium
0.86 1.82
5.3.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
5.3.5 Allen Electronegativity
NA2.16
Cesium
0.659 2.7
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.871.84
Gold
1.46 3.3
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol684.30 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
5.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,560.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
5.5.3 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol2,618.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
5.5.4 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol4,480.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
5.5.5 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol5,257.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
5.5.6 6th Energy Level
NA6,640.80 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
5.5.7 7th Energy level
NA12,125.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
5.5.8 8th Energy Level
NA13,860.00 kJ/mol
Hassium
8857.4 125300
5.5.9 9th Energy Level
NA15,835.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
14110 134700
5.5.10 10th Energy Level
NA17,980.00 kJ/mol
Strontium
17100 144300
5.5.11 11th Energy Level
NA20,190.00 kJ/mol
Yttrium
19900 169988
5.5.12 12th Energy Level
NA22,219.00 kJ/mol
Copper
22219 189368
5.5.13 13th Energy Level
NA26,930.00 kJ/mol
Vanadium
26930 76015
5.5.14 14th Energy Level
NA29,196.00 kJ/mol
Iron
29196 86450
5.5.15 15th Energy Level
NA52,490.00 kJ/mol
Manganese
41987 97510
5.5.16 16th Energy Level
NA55,000.00 kJ/mol
Iron
47206 109480
5.5.17 17th Energy Level
NA61,400.00 kJ/mol
Cobalt
52737 122200
5.5.18 18th Energy Level
NA67,700.00 kJ/mol
Nickel
58570 134810
5.5.19 19th Energy Level
NA74,000.00 kJ/mol
Copper
64702 148700
5.5.20 20th Energy Level
NA80,400.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
80400 171200
5.5.21 21st Energy Level
NA87,000.00 kJ/mol
Zinc
87000 179100
5.5.22 22nd Energy Level
NA93,400.00 kJ/mol
Copper
93400 184900
5.5.23 23rd Energy Level
NA98,420.00 kJ/mol
Copper
98420 198800
5.5.24 24th Energy Level
NA104,400.00 kJ/mol
Iron
104400 195200
5.5.25 25th Energy Level
NA121,900.00 kJ/mol
121900 121900
5.5.26 26th Energy Level
NA127,700.00 kJ/mol
127700 127700
5.5.27 27th Energy Level
NA133,800.00 kJ/mol
133800 133800
5.5.28 28th Energy Level
NA139,800.00 kJ/mol
139800 139800
5.5.29 29th Energy Level
NA148,100.00 kJ/mol
148100 148100
5.5.30 30th Energy Level
NA154,500.00 kJ/mol
154500 154500
5.6 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr0.89 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
5.7 Electron Work Function
2.70 eV4.60 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
5.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
6 Atomic
6.1 Atomic Number
5942
Lithium
3 117
6.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Kr] 4d5 5s1
6.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
6.3.1 Crystal Lattice
6.4 Atom
6.4.1 Number of Protons
5942
Lithium
3 117
6.4.2 Number of Neutrons
8254
Lithium
4 184
6.4.3 Number of Electrons
5942
Lithium
3 117
6.5 Radius of an Atom
6.5.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm139.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
6.5.2 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm154.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
6.5.3 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
6.6 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu95.95 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
6.7 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol9.40 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
6.8 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
6.8.1 Previous Element
6.8.2 Next Element
6.9 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)88.60 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
6.10 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm314.70 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
6.11 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
6.12 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
7 Mechanical
7.1 Density
7.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm310.28 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
7.1.2 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm39.33 g/cm3
Lithium
0.512 20
7.2 Tensile Strength
NA324.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
7.3 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
7.4 Vapor Pressure
7.4.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
7.4.2 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
7.5 Elasticity properties
7.5.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa126.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
7.5.2 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa230.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
7.5.3 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa329.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
7.6 Poisson Ratio
0.280.31
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
7.7 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Weldable
8 Magnetic
8.1 Magnetic Characteristics
8.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.7710.22
Lithium
0.53 4500
8.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
8.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
8.1.4 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
8.2 Electrical Properties
8.2.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Semiconductor
8.2.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m53.40 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
8.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.19 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
8.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol71.90 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
9 Thermal
9.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.25 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
9.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K24.06 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
9.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K138.00 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
9.4 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
9.5 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)4.80 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
9.6 Enthalpy
9.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol594.10 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
9.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol27.61 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
9.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol653.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
9.7 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K28.70 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1