×

Praseodymium
Praseodymium

Niobium
Niobium



ADD
Compare
X
Praseodymium
X
Niobium

Praseodymium vs Niobium

1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
Pr
Nb
1.2 Group Number
NA5
Gadolinium
0 17
1.4 Period Number
65
Lithium
2 7
1.3 Block
f block
d block
1.4 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.5 CAS Number
74401007440031
Aluminium
7429905 54386242
1.8 Space Group Name
P63/mmc
Im_ 3m
1.9 Space Group Number
194.00229.00
Plutonium
11 229
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
  • Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
  • Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
  • Niobium metal was used to get called Columbium in past.
  • Niobium metal found freely in nature (abundance).
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
By-product of Tin Extraction, Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Charles Hatchett
2.3.2 Discovery
In 1885
In 1801
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-7 %
Thallium
5E-09 0.11
2.6.1 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.0000004 %
Beryllium
1E-08 0.1
2.6.3 Abundance In Meteorites
0.00 %0.00 %
Gold
1.7E-07 22
3.4.3 Abundance In Earth's Crust
0.00 %0.00 %
Radium
9.9E-12 8.1
3.4.6 Abundance In Oceans
0.00 %0.00 %
Protactinium
2E-23 1.1
3.4.9 Abundance In Humans
NANA
Radium
1E-13 1.4
4 Uses
4.1 Uses & Benefits
  • The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
  • This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
  • Niobium alloys are used in jet engines and rockets and spacecraft, beams and girders for buildings and oil and gas pipelines.
  • It is used superconducting magnets in particles accelerators, NMR and MRI equipment.
4.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Ammunition Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
4.1.3 Medical Uses
NA
NA
4.1.4 Other Uses
Alloys
Alloys
4.2 Biological Properties
4.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Low Toxic
4.2.2 Present in Human Body
4.2.3 In Blood
NA0.01 Blood/mg dm-3
Plutonium
0 1970
4.2.5 In Bone
NA0.07 p.p.m.
Plutonium
0 170000
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C2,468.00 °C
Francium
27 3410
5.2 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C2,468.00 °C
Flerovium
147 5660
6.3 Appearance
6.3.1 Physical State
Solid
Solid
6.3.2 Color
Grayish White
Gray
6.3.3 Luster
Metallic
Metallic
6.4 Hardness
6.4.1 Mohs Hardness
NA6.00
Cesium
0.2 8.5
6.4.4 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa735.00 MPa
Cesium
0.14 3490
7.1.2 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa870.00 MPa
Palladium
121 3430
7.3 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s3,480.00 m/s
Thallium
818 16200
7.4 Optical Properties
7.4.1 Refractive Index
NANA
Mercury
1.000933 1.7229
7.6.2 Reflectivity
NANA
Molybdenum
58 97
7.7 Allotropes
7.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
Pr
Nb
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
3117
Tennessine
0 38
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
1.131.60
Francium
0.7 2.54
8.3.4 Sanderson Electronegativity
NA1.42
Cesium
0.22 2.56
8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
1.071.23
Cesium
0.86 1.82
8.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
NANA
Cesium
0.62 2.48
8.5.4 Allen Electronegativity
NA1.41
Cesium
0.659 2.7
9.3 Electropositivity
9.3.1 Pauling Electropositivity
2.872.40
Gold
1.46 3.3
9.4 Ionization Energies
9.4.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol652.10 kJ/mol
Cesium
375.7 26130
9.5.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,380.00 kJ/mol
Ruthenium
710.2162 28750
9.6.2 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol2,416.00 kJ/mol
Osmium
1600 34230
9.7.1 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol3,700.00 kJ/mol
Thorium
2780 37066
10.1.1 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/mol4,877.00 kJ/mol
Dubnium
4305.2 97510
10.1.3 6th Energy Level
NA9,847.00 kJ/mol
Seaborgium
5715.8 105800
10.4.2 7th Energy level
NA12,100.00 kJ/mol
Bohrium
7226.8 114300
10.4.4 8th Energy Level
NANA
Hassium
8857.4 125300
10.5.2 9th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
14110 134700
10.5.4 10th Energy Level
NANA
Strontium
17100 144300
10.6.2 11th Energy Level
NANA
Yttrium
19900 169988
10.7.2 12th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
22219 189368
10.7.5 13th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
26930 76015
10.8.1 14th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
29196 86450
10.8.3 15th Energy Level
NANA
Manganese
41987 97510
10.9.2 16th Energy Level
NANA
Iron
47206 109480
10.9.4 17th Energy Level
NANA
Cobalt
52737 122200
10.11.1 18th Energy Level
NANA
Nickel
58570 134810
10.12.1 19th Energy Level
NANA
Copper
64702 148700
10.12.3 20th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
80400 171200
10.14.2 21st Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
87000 179100
11.1.2 22nd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
93400 184900
11.1.4 23rd Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
98420 198800
11.1.6 24th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
104400 195200
11.1.8 25th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
121900 121900
11.2.1 26th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
127700 127700
11.3.1 27th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
133800 133800
11.3.2 28th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
139800 139800
11.4.3 29th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
148100 148100
11.4.5 30th Energy Level
NANA
Molybdenum
154500 154500
11.5 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr0.69 g/amp-hr
Beryllium
0.16812 8.3209
11.7 Electron Work Function
2.70 eV4.30 eV
Cesium
2.14 5.65
11.8 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
12 Atomic
12.1 Atomic Number
5941
Lithium
3 117
12.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Kr] 4d4 5s1
12.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Body Centered Cubic (BCC)
12.3.1 Crystal Lattice
12.4 Atom
12.4.1 Number of Protons
5941
Lithium
3 117
12.5.2 Number of Neutrons
8252
Lithium
4 184
13.1.2 Number of Electrons
5941
Lithium
3 117
13.2 Radius of an Atom
13.2.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm146.00 pm
Beryllium
112 265
13.2.4 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm164.00 pm
Beryllium
96 260
13.3.4 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm200.00 pm
Zinc
139 348
13.4 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu92.91 amu
Lithium
6.94 294
13.5 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol10.87 cm3/mol
Manganese
1.39 71.07
13.6 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
13.6.1 Previous Element
13.6.2 Next Element
13.7 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)104.00 (-eV)
Francium
8 392.42
14.2 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm330.04 pm
Beryllium
228.58 891.25
14.5 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, π/2
14.6 Lattice C/A Ratio
1.61NA
Beryllium
1.567 1.886
15 Mechanical
15.1 Density
15.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm38.57 g/cm3
Lithium
0.534 40.7
16.1.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm3NA
Lithium
0.512 20
16.3 Tensile Strength
NA330.00 MPa
Indium
2.5 11000
16.8 Viscosity
NANA
Mercury
0.001526 0.001526
16.9 Vapor Pressure
16.9.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
0.00 (Pa)NA
Cerium
2.47E-11 121
16.10.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
Tungsten
2.62E-10 774
16.11 Elasticity properties
16.11.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa38.00 GPa
Potassium
1.3 222
16.11.3 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa170.00 GPa
Cesium
1.6 462
16.13.2 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa105.00 GPa
Cesium
1.7 528
16.14 Poisson Ratio
0.280.40
Beryllium
0.032 0.47
16.16 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
17 Magnetic
17.1 Magnetic Characteristics
17.1.1 Specific Gravity
6.778.57
Lithium
0.53 4500
17.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
17.1.3 Permeability
NANA
Bismuth
1.25643E-06 0.0063
17.2.1 Susceptibility
NANA
Bismuth
-0.000166 200000
17.3 Electrical Properties
17.3.1 Electrical Property
Conductor
Conductor
17.3.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m152.00 nΩ·m
Thallium
0.18 961
17.5.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.07 106/cm Ω
Plutonium
0.00666 0.63
17.6.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol86.10 kJ/mol
Mercury
0 222.8
19 Thermal
19.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.26 J/(kg K)
Americium
0.11 3.6
19.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K24.60 J/mol·K
Beryllium
16.443 62.7
19.3 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K53.70 W/m·K
Neptunium
6.3 429
19.5 Critical Temperature
NANA
Ytterbium
26.3 3223
19.7 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)7.30 µm/(m·K)
Tungsten
4.5 97
19.9 Enthalpy
19.9.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol696.60 kJ/mol
Zinc
7.32 799.1
19.9.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol27.20 kJ/mol
Cesium
2.1 35.23
19.10.2 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol745.00 kJ/mol
Mercury
61.5 837
19.11 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K36.40 J/mol.K
Beryllium
9.5 198.1