1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
Lanthanide
Transition Metal
1.6 CAS Number
74401007440155
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Praseodymium metal is synthetically produced metal.
- Praseodymium is used as possible fuel for radioactive generators.
- Chemical properties of Rhenium are similar to Manganese.
- Rhenium metal is created while refining Molybdenum.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
Found in Minerals, Mining, Ores of Minerals
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Not Available
Masataka Ogawa
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2 * 10-7 %2 * 10-8 %
5E-09
0.11
2.4.2 Abundance In Sun
~0.0000001 %~0.00000001 %
1E-08
0.1
1.3.1 Abundance In Meteorites
1.10.1 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.2.1 Abundance In Oceans
2.6.2 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- The main use of Praseodymium include alloys. Praseodymium –Magnesium alloy is used in aircraft engines due to its high strength.
-
This metal is also used while making a permanent magnets.
- Alloys of Rhenium are used as an electric contact material. It can resist withstand arc corrosion.
- Its catalysts are used in hydrogenation of fine chemicals. Its Alloy with nickel is used to produce turbine blades.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
Chemical Industry
Aerospace Industry, Automobile Industry, Chemical Industry, Electrical Industry, Electronic Industry
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
Moderately Toxic
Low Toxic
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.4 In Blood
3.2.6 In Bone
5 Physical
5.1 Melting Point
935.00 °C3,180.00 °C
27
3410
6.2 Boiling Point
3,130.00 °C5,627.00 °C
147
5660
6.4 Appearance
6.4.1 Physical State
6.4.2 Color
Grayish White
Silvery Gray
6.4.3 Luster
6.6 Hardness
6.6.1 Mohs Hardness
6.7.3 Brinell Hardness
481.00 MPa1,320.00 MPa
0.14
3490
6.8.1 Vickers Hardness
400.00 MPa1,350.00 MPa
121
3430
6.11 Speed of Sound
2,280.00 m/s4,700.00 m/s
818
16200
7.3 Optical Properties
7.3.1 Refractive Index
7.3.2 Reflectivity
7.4 Allotropes
7.4.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.4.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
7.4.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
8 Chemical
8.1 Chemical Formula
8.2 Isotopes
8.2.1 Known Isotopes
8.3 Electronegativity
8.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
8.3.2 Sanderson Electronegativity
8.4.2 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
8.4.4 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
8.4.6 Allen Electronegativity
8.5 Electropositivity
8.5.1 Pauling Electropositivity
8.7 Ionization Energies
8.7.1 1st Energy Level
527.00 kJ/mol760.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
8.8.2 2nd Energy Level
1,020.00 kJ/mol1,260.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
8.8.5 3rd Energy Level
2,086.00 kJ/mol2,510.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
8.8.8 4th Energy Level
3,761.00 kJ/mol3,640.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
8.8.10 5th Energy Level
5,551.00 kJ/molNA
4305.2
97510
8.8.13 6th Energy Level
8.8.16 7th Energy level
8.8.18 8th Energy Level
8.8.19 9th Energy Level
8.8.21 10th Energy Level
8.8.23 11th Energy Level
8.8.25 12th Energy Level
8.8.27 13th Energy Level
8.8.29 14th Energy Level
8.8.31 15th Energy Level
8.8.33 16th Energy Level
8.8.35 17th Energy Level
8.8.37 18th Energy Level
8.8.39 19th Energy Level
8.8.41 20th Energy Level
8.8.42 21st Energy Level
8.8.44 22nd Energy Level
8.8.45 23rd Energy Level
8.8.47 24th Energy Level
8.8.48 25th Energy Level
8.8.50 26th Energy Level
8.8.51 27th Energy Level
8.8.53 28th Energy Level
8.8.54 29th Energy Level
8.8.56 30th Energy Level
8.9 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.75 g/amp-hr0.99 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
8.10 Electron Work Function
8.11 Other Chemical Properties
Anti Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes
Corrosion, Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
9 Atomic
9.1 Atomic Number
9.2 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f3 6s2
[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
9.3 Crystal Structure
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
Hexagonal Close Packed (HCP)
9.3.1 Crystal Lattice
9.4 Atom
9.4.1 Number of Protons
9.4.3 Number of Neutrons
9.5.1 Number of Electrons
9.6 Radius of an Atom
9.6.1 Atomic Radius
182.00 pm137.00 pm
112
265
9.7.1 Covalent Radius
203.00 pm151.00 pm
96
260
9.7.2 Van der Waals Radius
239.00 pm200.00 pm
139
348
10.2 Atomic Weight
140.91 amu186.21 amu
6.94
294
10.3 Atomic Volume
20.80 cm3/mol8.85 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
10.7 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
10.7.1 Previous Element
10.7.2 Next Element
10.8 Valence Electron Potential
42.64 (-eV)180.00 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.9 Lattice Constant
367.25 pm276.10 pm
228.58
891.25
10.10 Lattice Angles
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
π/2, π/2, 2 π/3
10.11 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
6.77 g/cm321.02 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.1.3 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
6.50 g/cm318.90 g/cm3
0.512
20
11.3 Tensile Strength
11.4 Viscosity
11.5 Vapor Pressure
11.5.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.5.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
13.20 (Pa)0.00 (Pa)
2.62E-10
774
11.7 Elasticity properties
11.7.1 Shear Modulus
14.80 GPa178.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.7.2 Bulk Modulus
28.80 GPa370.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.8.1 Young's Modulus
37.30 GPa463.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.11 Poisson Ratio
11.13 Other Mechanical Properties
Ductile, Malleable
Ductile, Malleable
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
13.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
13.1.3 Permeability
13.1.4 Susceptibility
13.2 Electrical Properties
13.2.1 Electrical Property
13.2.2 Resistivity
0.70 nΩ·m193.00 nΩ·m
0.18
961
13.3.1 Electrical Conductivity
0.01 106/cm Ω0.05 106/cm Ω
0.00666
0.63
13.4.1 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol14.50 kJ/mol
0
222.8
14 Thermal
14.1 Specific Heat
0.19 J/(kg K)0.13 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
14.2 Molar Heat Capacity
27.20 J/mol·K25.48 J/mol·K
16.443
62.7
14.4 Thermal Conductivity
12.50 W/m·K48.00 W/m·K
6.3
429
14.5 Critical Temperature
14.6 Thermal Expansion
6.70 µm/(m·K)6.20 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
14.7 Enthalpy
14.7.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
296.80 kJ/mol707.10 kJ/mol
7.32
799.1
14.7.3 Enthalpy of Fusion
6.89 kJ/mol33.05 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
14.7.4 Enthalpy of Atomization
368.00 kJ/mol791.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
14.9 Standard Molar Entropy
73.20 J/mol.K36.90 J/mol.K
9.5
198.1