1 Periodic Table
1.1 Symbol
1.2 Group Number
1.3 Period Number
1.4 Block
1.5 Element Family
1.6 CAS Number
74401227440122
7429905
54386242
1.7 Space Group Name
Not Available
Not Available
1.8 Space Group Number
2 Facts
2.1 Interesting Facts
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
- Promethium metal found in Pitchblende.
- Promethium metal is highly radioactive metal.
2.2 Sources
Found in Minerals, Mining
Found in Minerals, Mining
2.3 History
2.3.1 Who Discovered
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
Chien Shiung Wu, Emilio Segrè, Hans Bethe
2.3.2 Discovery
2.4 Abundance
2.4.1 Abundance In Universe
2.4.3 Abundance In Sun
~-9999 %~-9999 %
1E-08
0.1
2.4.5 Abundance In Meteorites
2.4.7 Abundance In Earth's Crust
2.4.10 Abundance In Oceans
2.4.12 Abundance In Humans
3 Uses
3.1 Uses & Benefits
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
- It is used for research purpose. Very small amount of this metal is used in atomic batteries.
- Its radioactive decay is used for a phosphor to give off light. The light emitted is converted into electricity.
3.1.1 Industrial Uses
3.1.2 Medical Uses
3.1.3 Other Uses
3.2 Biological Properties
3.2.1 Toxicity
3.2.2 Present in Human Body
3.2.4 In Blood
0.00 Blood/mg dm-30.00 Blood/mg dm-3
0
1970
3.2.5 In Bone
4 Physical
4.1 Melting Point
1,042.00 °C1,042.00 °C
27
3410
4.2 Boiling Point
3,000.00 °C3,000.00 °C
147
5660
4.3 Appearance
4.3.1 Physical State
4.3.2 Color
4.3.3 Luster
4.4 Hardness
4.4.1 Mohs Hardness
4.4.3 Brinell Hardness
4.4.4 Vickers Hardness
4.5 Speed of Sound
4.6 Optical Properties
4.6.1 Refractive Index
4.6.2 Reflectivity
4.7 Allotropes
4.7.1 α Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.2 β Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
4.7.3 γ Allotropes
Not Available
Not Available
5 Chemical
5.1 Chemical Formula
5.2 Isotopes
5.2.1 Known Isotopes
5.3 Electronegativity
5.3.1 Pauling Electronegativity
5.3.3 Sanderson Electronegativity
5.3.5 Allred Rochow Electronegativity
5.3.7 Mulliken-Jaffe Electronegativity
5.3.9 Allen Electronegativity
5.4 Electropositivity
5.4.1 Pauling Electropositivity
5.5 Ionization Energies
5.5.1 1st Energy Level
540.00 kJ/mol540.00 kJ/mol
375.7
26130
5.5.3 2nd Energy Level
1,050.00 kJ/mol1,050.00 kJ/mol
710.2162
28750
5.5.5 3rd Energy Level
2,150.00 kJ/mol2,150.00 kJ/mol
1600
34230
5.5.7 4th Energy Level
3,970.00 kJ/mol3,970.00 kJ/mol
2780
37066
5.5.10 5th Energy Level
5.5.12 6th Energy Level
5.5.14 7th Energy level
5.6.1 8th Energy Level
5.7.1 9th Energy Level
5.7.2 10th Energy Level
6.4.2 11th Energy Level
6.4.4 12th Energy Level
6.4.6 13th Energy Level
6.4.7 14th Energy Level
6.5.2 15th Energy Level
6.5.4 16th Energy Level
6.5.6 17th Energy Level
6.6.1 18th Energy Level
6.7.1 19th Energy Level
6.7.2 20th Energy Level
6.9.1 21st Energy Level
6.9.2 22nd Energy Level
6.10.1 23rd Energy Level
6.10.2 24th Energy Level
6.12.1 25th Energy Level
7.1.2 26th Energy Level
7.1.3 27th Energy Level
7.1.5 28th Energy Level
7.1.6 29th Energy Level
7.2.1 30th Energy Level
7.4 Electrochemical Equivalent
1.80 g/amp-hr1.80 g/amp-hr
0.16812
8.3209
7.6 Electron Work Function
7.7 Other Chemical Properties
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
Ionization, Radioactive Isotopes, Solubility
8 Atomic
8.1 Atomic Number
8.3 Electron Configuration
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
[Xe] 4f5 6s2
8.4 Crystal Structure
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
Double Hexagonal Close Packed (DHCP)
8.4.1 Crystal Lattice
8.5 Atom
8.5.1 Number of Protons
8.5.3 Number of Neutrons
8.5.5 Number of Electrons
8.7 Radius of an Atom
8.7.1 Atomic Radius
183.00 pm183.00 pm
112
265
9.1.2 Covalent Radius
199.00 pm199.00 pm
96
260
9.1.5 Van der Waals Radius
236.00 pm236.00 pm
139
348
9.2 Atomic Weight
145.00 amu145.00 amu
6.94
294
9.4 Atomic Volume
22.39 cm3/mol22.39 cm3/mol
1.39
71.07
9.5 Adjacent Atomic Numbers
9.5.1 Previous Element
9.5.2 Next Element
9.6 Valence Electron Potential
44.10 (-eV)44.10 (-eV)
8
392.42
10.2 Lattice Constant
10.4 Lattice Angles
10.5 Lattice C/A Ratio
11 Mechanical
11.1 Density
11.1.1 Density At Room Temperature
7.26 g/cm37.26 g/cm3
0.534
40.7
11.2.1 Density When Liquid (at m.p.)
11.4 Tensile Strength
11.5 Viscosity
11.7 Vapor Pressure
11.7.1 Vapor Pressure at 1000 K
11.7.3 Vapor Pressure at 2000 K
11.8 Elasticity properties
11.8.1 Shear Modulus
18.00 GPa18.00 GPa
1.3
222
11.8.3 Bulk Modulus
33.00 GPa33.00 GPa
1.6
462
11.9.1 Young's Modulus
46.00 GPa46.00 GPa
1.7
528
11.10 Poisson Ratio
11.11 Other Mechanical Properties
12 Magnetic
12.1 Magnetic Characteristics
12.1.1 Specific Gravity
12.1.2 Magnetic Ordering
Paramagnetic
Paramagnetic
12.1.3 Permeability
12.1.4 Susceptibility
12.2 Electrical Properties
12.2.1 Electrical Property
12.2.2 Resistivity
0.75 nΩ·m0.75 nΩ·m
0.18
961
12.2.3 Electrical Conductivity
12.2.4 Electron Affinity
50.00 kJ/mol50.00 kJ/mol
0
222.8
13 Thermal
13.1 Specific Heat
0.18 J/(kg K)0.18 J/(kg K)
0.11
3.6
13.2 Molar Heat Capacity
13.3 Thermal Conductivity
17.90 W/m·K17.90 W/m·K
6.3
429
13.4 Critical Temperature
13.5 Thermal Expansion
9.00 µm/(m·K)9.00 µm/(m·K)
4.5
97
13.6 Enthalpy
13.6.1 Enthalpy of Vaporization
13.6.2 Enthalpy of Fusion
7.50 kJ/mol7.50 kJ/mol
2.1
35.23
13.6.3 Enthalpy of Atomization
310.00 kJ/mol310.00 kJ/mol
61.5
837
13.7 Standard Molar Entropy